@conference {41139,
	title = {Application of dual-energy x-ray absortionmetry for ovine carcass evaluation},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {272-274},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Twenty-four frozen lamb sides were scanned in a medical dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner, producing measures of fat, lean and bone mineral content for each side. These sides were then partially dissected into muscle, fat and bone and the whole sides chemically analysed. DXA measurements correlated well with chemical analysis for \% fat (r2 = 0.92, rsd = 1.2\%) and fat mass (r2 = 0.97, rsd = 163 g), protein (r2 = 0.98, rsd = 232 g). DXA estimates of lean, fat and weight for the leg region of each side were correlated with dissected lean (r2 = 0.96, rsd = 115 g) and fat (r2 = 0.93, rsd = 66 g) and scale weight (r2 = 0.99, rsd = 92g). DXA estimates of side and leg mass mirrored scale measurement to within measurement accuracy (~ 100 g). These results indicate that DXA may be used as a reliable method for measuring carcass composition and distribution. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Clarke RD and Kirton AH and Bartle CM and Dobbie PM}
}
@conference {41031,
	title = {Is carcass classification useful or necessary?},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {211-213},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The need for a N.Z. Meat Producers Board (NZMPB) supervised classification system for export carcasses has been widely debated by the farming community and elsewhere while the Producers Board Acts Reform Act (1997) has been discussed through parliament. Supervision of the export carcass classification is one of the remaining NZMPB (recently renamed Meat New Zealand) functions with the classification being undertaken by company graders. As meat companies select the carcasses most suited to provide the meat/cuts for particular meat export orders, they argue that a national carcass classification system is unnecessary. Today most carcasses are sold as cuts rather than as entire carcasses. Carcass exports provided the main reason for the initial development of a national classification system to facilitate trading overseas {\textquoteleft}sight unseen{\textquoteleft}. However carcass grading/classification also provides a common language of communication which, when associated with a payment system, allows producers to compare prices from different exporters and provides market signals as to the type of carcass most required. Export carcass classification indicates composition and yield of saleable meat. NZMPB supervising graders are seen as giving a independent check on company graders, a feature disliked by some processors but endorsed by most producers. A uniform national system as is current in New Zealand also provides good data on which to base any future production plans. If based on objective measurements, a national classification system could also be run concurrently with any company system with a computer printing out the results of both systems. It is important that producers receive back factual information on the carcasses they are growing with information on how well they fit market requirements. The recent passage of the Producer Board Acts Reform Act (1997) has noted that the compulsory carcass classification for beef is to be reviewed or phased out in one year and sheep classification system is to be reviewed in two years. Unless the Meat Industry Association agrees with their retention, they will be phased out. If this happens, it may place too much power in the hands of the industry player currently having access to most of the market information and farmers will have no way of comparing between processors. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH}
}
@conference {40956,
	title = {Muscle distribution in lamb progeny from several breeds.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {267-270},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Leg and shoulder composition (fat, muscle and bone) and some linear fat and muscle distribution measurements were taken on 458 lambs produced by 39 strains and breeds of ram born in 1992, 1993 and 1994. Lambs were either Romney or Romney-cross. Texel-cross lambs had the highest proportion of muscle in the leg and shoulder cuts with the Poll Dorset-cross lambs having a similar amount. Southdowns, American Suffolks and Romney strains had least muscle, and apart from the American Suffolk, also had most fat. The fat selected Southdown-cross had the highest \% carcass fat. There was no significant difference between any of the sire groups in the proportion of the major defatted leg primal cuts. All genotypes had a similar leg muscle cut distribution, breed differences being only in the relative proportions of muscle to fat and bone. The Texel-cross had the highest weight (at the same carcass weight) of psoas muscle and the ultrasonically selected Poll Dorset progeny had the highest proportion of measured lean as longissimus muscle. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Duganzich DM and Mercer GJK and Clarke JN and Dobbie JL and Wilson JA}
}
@conference {40802,
	title = {Future directions for meat research and development in New Zealand},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {147-150},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {If meat research, from production through to the marketplace, is not  adequately funded, then much of the research needed to improve New  Zealand},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Purchas RW}
}
@conference {40801,
	title = {Quality Meats From The NZ Beef And Sheep Industries - Consistent quality meat products},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {146},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Meat quality has different definitions for different people and in different countries, depending on their posi-tion in the value chain. However, the consumer who repre-sents the endpoint of the chain has clearly signaled inconsistent quality of meat as a major consideration in the declining purchases of red meat.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Speck PA and Kirton AH and Clarke JN}
}
@conference {40683,
	title = {Evaluation of muscling using Texel and Oxford cross Romney and Hight Romney lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {108-110},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Selection for out-of-season breeding ability could be enhanced if an  early indication of the trait was available. The onset of hogget oestrus has  been proposed as such a trait and has been examined for 362 ewe progeny  coming from early and late-lambing selection lines over 3 years.   In each year the early lambing (BV-) hoggets had an earlier (P<0.05) mean  date of onset of oestrus than the hoggets from the late-lambing (BV+) line.   In 1992 and 1993 this effect was confounded by the season of birth such that  nearly all the BV- animals were autumn born (AB) and the BV+ animals  born in the spring (SB). In 1993 animals from both lines were produced in  both seasons. Their mean day of first oestrus in 1994 (expressed as day of  year },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Mercer GJK and Clarke JN and Dobbie JL and Duganzich DM and Wilson JA}
}
@conference {40600,
	title = {Prediction of beef carcass yield from selected commercial cuts expressed as a percentage of side weight},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {205-208},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Given that almost all beef carcasses intended for export from New  
Zealand are boned out into cuts in the boning room of export plants, the  
feasibility was investigated of carrying the identification of individual animals  
from the point of slaughter through to sides in the boning room and using the  
weights (percentages) of selected cuts to predict the yield of saleable meat.  A  
Ruakura beef cuts database with information from sides of 1461 bulls, 1097  
steers, 320 heifers and 329 cows, all of known breeding, was used to test the  
accuracy of beef saleable meat yield prediction from the weights of three  
hindquarter cuts removed at the same time and site in the boning room.  The  
inside round (topside), outside round (silverside) and thick flank expressed as a  
percentage of side weight were chosen for use alone and in multiple regression  
to predict the percentage of the carcass available as saleable meat.  A model  
incorporating \% inside and \% outside and their interactions with sex (bull,  
steer, heifer and cow) provided useful prediction of \% meat yield (R2 0.77,  
RSD 2.11\%) and if hot carcass weight was added to the equation the R2  
improved to 0.78 and the RSD was reduced to 2.06\%.  The sum of the inside  
and outside expressed as a percentage of side weight gave the same accuracy of  
prediction of percentage saleable meat yield as when they were treated as  
separate independent variables.  The use of thick flank gave no improvement in  
prediction.  These results should be compared with the present system where  
sex class, fat class (grade) and hot carcass weight predicted yield with an R2  
of 0.60 and an RSD of 2.80\% for the same set of data. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Bass JJ and Hogg BW and Mercer GJK and Duganzich DM and Woods EG}
}
@conference {40535,
	title = {Relationships between objective and subjective measurements of carcass muscularity},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {397-402},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Abdullah AY and Purchas RW and Davies AS and Kirton AH}
}
@conference {40534,
	title = {The use of commercial grading probes for classifying lamb carcasses},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {393-396},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {North American wapiti (Cervus elaphus sub species)_ evolved within, and inhabit, an extremely varied environment generally not apparent within any pastoral farm environment. Normal farm management practices also reduce disease and predation; modify or prevent behavioral strategies such as migration, wallowing and isolation at calving; impose artificial mate selection; result in the removal of antlers in velvet, and premature dissociation of familial groups. Whilst the object of these practices is to utilise deer for animal production, primarily meat and velvet antler, the vast changes imposed will undoubtedly result in rapid changes in genetic, physiological, morphological and behavioral characteristics of the animals. Deer provide a unique opportunity to study and manipulate the effects of farming in a large ruminant, but at the same time the ecological requirements of the animal should be considered.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Mercer GJK and Duganzich DM and Uljee AE}
}
@conference {40372,
	title = {A comparison between subjective and objective (carcass weight plus GR or the Hennessy Grading Probe) methods for classifying lamb carcasses},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {41-44},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Stress research in farm animals is becoming increasingly  important as a result of public concern for the welfare of animals and  the ongoing need to increase the efficiency of animal production.  Changes in the behaviour of animals is often the first indicator that a  particular farming practice may be aversive or stressful. For example,  cattle housed indoors on concrete floors have fewer resting bouts than  those on deep litter or at pasture. Subsequent measurement of a variety  of physiological parameters confirmed that lying down on slatted floors  is stressful. Changes were noted in the episodic secretory pattern of  glucocorticosterioid hormone, in the cortisol response to challenge with  a standard dose of ACTH (1-24) and in heart rate.   Ongoing studies with dairy cattle indicate that the frequencies and  types of fly-avoidance behaviours utilised by animals without tails  differ from those with tails. In addition, animals without tails have a  higher number of flies on the body. Physiological parameters will be  monitored to determine if the decreased ability of cattle without tails  to remove flies results in altered physiological responses indicative of  stress.   These studies show that a multi-disciplinary approach is required to  quantify the relative stressfulness of various farming practices.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Mercer GJK and Duganzich DM}
}
@conference {40332,
	title = {A comparison between lamb drafters and the Phillips Fat Displacement Meter (PFDM) for predicting GR, hot carcass weight and class in live lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {309-314},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A fine wool index selection flock (I) was established by  screening the Tara Hills Merino flocks in 1988 and 1989. The flock of  200 breeding ewes was formed with equal numbers of four age groups born  in 1984 to 1987. A randomly sampled 160 ewes from the same population  served as the Control (C). The greasy fleece weights of the I flock  were 8.3\% (P<0.001), 6.8\% (P<0.001) higher than that of C flock in 1988  and 1989 respectively. Spring live weight (P<0.05) and yield (P<0.001)  were significantly higher while fibre diameter (P<0.001) was  significantly lower for I. Progeny hogget fleece weight, live weight  and fibre diameter, however, differed insignificantly between flocks.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Uljee AE and Mercer GJK}
}
@conference {40271,
	title = {Carcass composition of autumn- and spring-born lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {489-492},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The sexual behaviour of alpacas joined under a selective  breeding programme was recorded to assess performance and to examine  ways of providing optimal conditions for mating. Groups of 4 females  and 1 male were joined in paddocks for 5 days (3 groups) or in pens for  3.5 hours on 2 consecutive mornings (3 groups). Sexual activity was  more variable in paddocks compared with pens, and more females were  mated in pens. Duration of copulation was longer in pens that in  paddocks, and for first compared with subsequent matings. Within pens,  sexual activity was more intense during the first hour following joining  than for the subsequent 2.5 hours, on Day 1 than on Day 2, and differed  between groups. Females became more receptive later in the mating  sessions. The study indicated that pen mating using small single-sire  groups, over short periods, was a suitable method of breeding alpacas.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Kirton AH and McQueen IPM}
}
@conference {40157,
	title = {Carcass composition of New Zealand Saanen goats},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {147-152},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Resistance and the {\textquoteright}self-cure{\textquoteright} phenomenon were examined in Coopworth lambs and Saanen kids when they were between 6 and 8 months old. The animals had been reared on pasture from birth until February 1987 at which time they were treated with anthelmintic and withheld from pasture for two weeks. They were given Trichostrongylus colubriformis (500 infective (L3) larvae kg-1) weeks after the initial dose. Faecal egg counts estimated at weekly intervals were significantly higher in kids than in lambs throughout the experiment. Furthermore, a strong acquired resistance was effected in the lambs subsequent to and as a result of the second dosing. The kids failed to show a similar response. Worm counts estimated at necropsy confirmed that spontaneous rejection, against Trichostrongylus and Ostertagia had been produced only in the lambs. These results how clearly that there are some significant differences between grazing lambs and kids in their ability to acquire and sustain a resistance to nematode parasites.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Colomer-Rocher F and Kirton AH}
}
@conference {40153,
	title = {Effect of liveweight gain or loss on lamb meat quality},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {127-132},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Thorrold BS and Mercer GJK}
}
@conference {40081,
	title = {Effects of rate of weight gain and weight loss on the relationship between carcass weight and GR measurements in cryptorchid lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1988},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {19-24},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Purebred Texel and Suffolk sheep have been grazed together at Belclare in Ireland since 1977. The Texel sheep originated from the Netherlands and are of similar origin to those imported into New Zealand. A series of studies have been undertaken to examine the growth and carcass composition of the 2 breeds. Relative to the Suffolk the Texel has an altered growth patter; Texel lambs were 19\% heavier at birth than Suffolk lambs after adjustment for non-genetic effects, but by weaning were 8\% lighter (29.08 v 31.76 kg) and the difference increased to 11\% at 2.4 years of age. The difference between the Purebred Texel and Suffolk weaning weights is approximately double the value that has been reported in large scale crossbreeding trials.  Wool production in the Texel was 12 to 22\% higher than the Suffolk breed depending on age. Carcass composition data from 2 separate slaughter trials, using ram lambs, show that the purebred Texel has less subcutaneous fat as a proportion of the carcass than the Suffolk with 75 v 112 g/kg for 18.6 kg carcasses in the first trial and 34 v 80 g/kg and 83 v 125 g/kg when killed at 17.3 and 26.1 kg carcass weight in the second trial. When expressed as a percentage these breed differences are approximately double the values observed in crossbreeding trials. The Texel carcasses also had larger L. dorsi areas and less fat in the internal depots. The food efficiency in the Texel breed was better in the 2 experiments where it was measured, with the differences being significant in 1 trial. Breed differences in composition persisted to maturity with adult Texels having only 78, 81 and 90\% of the weight of subcutaneous, kidney knob, and channel and omental fat deposits relative to the Suffolk. In vivo ultrasonic measurements distinguished similar changes in carcass composition between the breeds with C, Gr and estimated L. dorsi in purebred Texels being 85, 78 and 111\% of Suffolk ewe and ram lambs. The corresponding figures for adult ewes were 79, 83 and 107\%. The carcass composition of most sheep breeds are very similar when expressed as a proportion of mature live weight. The data presented suggests that the Texel is atypical having a modified growth curve and retaining its extreme carcass composition even at maturity.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Thorrold BS and Kirton AH and Cranshaw LJ and Mercer GJK}
}
@conference {40080,
	title = {Meat flavour of Romney lambs grazed under Pinus radiata},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1988},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {13-18},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Shearing immediately followed by underfeeding reduced carcass fatness in sheep aged 10 to 14 months. When compared with woolly, growing sheep at the same weight a combination of shearing and mild underfeeding lowered GR measurements by 1.5 to 6.3mm in 3 experiments. Although this practice is 1 of only a few management procedures that have been shown to consistently lower GR measurements at a given carcass weight it is not recommended as a routine production practice because of potential effects on animal health and welfare and meat quality.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Percival NS and Hawke MF and Kirton AH and Hagyard C}
}
@conference {39994,
	title = {Prediction of ewe mutton carcass composition from carcass weight, GR and C measurements, and the Hennessy grading probe},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {59-62},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Fourteen herd-years of data, comprising a total of 2169 records, were obtained from beef heifers involved in the Ruakura Genetics Section{\textquoteright}s long term breeding trials. The contributions of breed-cross, weight selection , herd year, birth date and age of dam, to variation in live weight, proportion exhibiting oestrus and proportion pregnant were studied. For heifers reaching first oestrus by about 15 months of age, means ages and weights at puberty were also calculated. Later-born calves were younger and lighter at puberty than average. Younger dams produced heifer offspring which reached puberty when older but lighter than average. Breed and location differences were greater for proportions of heifers expressing oestrus before joining than for proportions pregnant. At Goudies, the proportion achieving oestrus among Jersey x Angus heifers was 0.72, Friesian-cross 0.61, Hereford x Angus 0.47, Hereford 0.38 and Angus 0.25. Corresponding proportions diagnosed pregnant after 8 weeks of mating were 0.83, 0.93, 0.83, 0.78 and 0.73. Where there were major feed shortages over an extended period between 5 and 15 months of age, live weights and pubertal age were more affected than pubertal weight. In contrast, long term weight selection increased pubertal weight by 11\%, while pubertal age was little changed. Preliminary estimates of heritability for pubertal age and weight were 0.31},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Feist CL and Duganzich DM}
}
@conference {39944,
	title = {Prediction of lamb carcass composition from GR and carcass weight},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1985},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {63-66},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A lean-growth index (LGI) incorporating growth rate and the proportion of that growth which is fat is calculated by first converting live-weight differences into differences in weight of lean tissue and then adjusting these values using an estimated breeding value for fat depth. The adjustment of fat depths for weight is by within-flock double-log regression or by specifying a constant exponent in the relationship between fat depth C and live weight. Simulation studies suggested that the constant-exponent method was superior for smaller groups of sheep. Improvements in LGI by selection appear more likely to arise from genetic increases in growth rate than from decreases in weight-corrected fatness, but the inclusion of fatness in the index should lead to the production of lambs that can be taken to heavier weights before becoming overfat.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Duganzich DM and Feist CL and Bennett GL and Woods EG}
}
@conference {39924,
	title = {Dressing percentages of lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {231-234},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Overseas comparisons have indicated sheep breeds and strains with improved growth rates and lean meat production to those currently available in New Zealand.  Most studies in U.K. and Eire have generally shown fastest growth and lean tissue gain amongst offspring by the large down breeds, the Suffolk and Oxford. These results are generally comparable with New Zealand studies. In addition, there has been considerable European interest shown in the Texel for its high yield of lean relative to fat and bone, including lean yield in high value areas of the carcass. The white fleece and moderate fecundity of this breed also favour its maternal use to improve flexibility of lean lamb production. In most studies in the U.S. crossbred lambs sired by Suffolk rams fastest to reach slaughter weights before other meat breeds. This breed is of widespread popularity for lamb production in the U.S.  Indirect comparisons suggest a greater growth superiority (5\%) of crossbred lambs sired by U.S. Suffolks overseas compared with those sired by New Zealand Suffolks in this country.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Carter AH and Clarke JN and Duganzich DM}
}
@conference {39926,
	title = {Relative performance of meat breeds of sheep in New Zealand and overseas},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {239-242},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A sheep breeding experiment at Woodlands Research Station consists of 5 self-contained Romney selection lines (closed in 1973). Four lines are selected respectively for dam{\textquoteright}s number of lambs born (dam NLB), 100-day weight, hogget fleece weight, and a production index in which all 3 traits are combined, while the fifth line is a randomly selected control. Back fat thickness was measured in the 1982 born ewe lamb progeny at approximately 8 and 14 months of age. Relative to the controls (back fat 6.3 mm) the dam NLB (5.0 mm) and the production index (4.8) lines had 20\% lower back fat depths (P<0.01) in May after variance adjustment for live-weight. The differences were slightly lower when measured in November. The fat thickness of the 100-day weight and hogget fleece weight line progeny were similar to the controls. The heritability of back fat depth adjusted for live weight by half-sib analysis was 0.28},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Clarke JN and Bennett GL and Kirton AH}
}
@conference {39835,
	title = {Comparison of well and poorly muscled lamb carcasses as selected by experienced meat industry personnel},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1983},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {111-114},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Ten lambs and 10 kids were offered a low quality meadow hay (7.1 gN/kg/DM) for 12 weeks. Five of each species were then reallocated to lucerne hay (23.8 gN/kg/DM) and the remainder maintained on meadow hay. Feed was offered ad libitum. Digestibility was determined at weeks, 4, 6, 10 and 16. Animals were fed at 2 h intervals prior to slaughter and the retention time of dry matter in the rumen estimated. Body energy changes were estimated by comparative slaughter. In the initial 6 weeks kids and lambs digested meadow hay to a similar extent but whereas it was maintained in kids, digestibility by lambs subsequently declined until week 16. At week 16 values for dry matter digestibility were 0.67 and 0.54 for kids and lambs, respectively. There were no significant differences in the digestibility of lucerne hay between the species nor in the voluntary intake of meadow hay or lucerne hay. Both species consumed more lucerne hay than meadow hay. Kids retained lucerne hay longer than did lambs (18.,7 h and 11.8 h, respectively) but meadow hay had a similar retention time in both species (24.7 h and 27.8 h, respectively). Water intake of lambs was approximately double that of kids. Difficulties in determining maintenance energy requirement from body weight change are discussed.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Woods EG and Duganzich DM}
}
@conference {39836,
	title = {Ultrasonic selection for divergence in loin fat depth in Southdowns and Suffolks},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1983},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {115-118},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The physical breakdown of 4 forage diets in the chopped or pelleted form was studied in 16 closely-shorn wether sheep at room temperatures of approximately 24},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Bennett GL and Meyer HH and Kirton AH}
}
@conference {39784,
	title = {A comparison of the composition and carcass quality of Kelly and Russian castrate, ram, wether and ewe lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1982},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {117-118},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Data on M. longissimus dorsi (LD) area, width and depth were examined on 1957 lamb carcasses graded for export as either P (moderate to heavy fat cover) or Y (light fat cover) over 3 slaughter seasons. Lambs were sired by 1 of 11 different breeds mated to Romney ewes. Carcasses in the 2 grades differed in mean weight and LD measurements in the different seasons. After adjustment for differences in carcass weight and the effect of sire breed, LD area did not differ between the P and the Y grades. After adjusting the A (width) and B (depth) measurements of differences in carcass weight and sire breed, P grade LD{\textquoteright}s were significantly narrower and deeper than those from the Y grade, but the differences were small (maximum of 5\% for depth in 1970/1 season) and of little practical significance. Thus if the leaner Y grade carcasses are desired, and this is done on a within breed basis, the LD area or shape should not be adversely affected provided carcass weights are not reduced.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Clarke JN and Hickey SM}
}
@conference {39786,
	title = {Differences between P and Y export lamb carcass grades in M. longissimus dorsi area and shape},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1982},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {121-124},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Fat depths were measured on the hot carcasses of 128 pigs, 64 steers and 106 lambs using an appropriate Fat-Depth Indicator (FDI). Corresponding linear depths were taken 4 cm (pigs), 8 cm (steers) and 3.5 cm (lambs) lateral to the dorsal midline in the region of last rib. Pig and steer carcasses were physically dissected into subcutaneous fat plus rind and trim fat respectively. Of fat depths taken on the hot carcass by FDI 72, 57 and 98\% were within },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH}
}
@conference {39788,
	title = {An evaluation of the fat-depth indicator on carcasses of pigs, cattle and sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1982},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {127-130},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Results from recent diallel crossbreeding experiments are used to illustrate the range in average genetic merit for meat and wool production available for utilisation in our present breed resources by crossbreeding. Performance of reciprocal first crosses suggests in addition considerable opportunity for exploitation of hybrid vigour. Breed differences are considerably reduced when production is expressed relative to ewe body size, although first-generation crosses remain superior to purebreds on this basis.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Adam JL and Bass JJ and Kirton AH}
}
@conference {39697,
	title = {The relationships of growth, body shape, and body composition to the initiation of oestrous activity in different sheep breeds},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1980},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {258-267},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Stephenson SK and Dalton DC and Kirton AH}
}
@conference {39637,
	title = {Interrelationships between GR and other lamb carcass fatness measurement},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {39},
	year = {1979},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {194-201},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Johnson DL}
}
@conference {39499,
	title = {Presidential Address: Some Aspects of the New Zealand Meat Industry},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {36},
	year = {1976},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1-11},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH}
}
@conference {39401,
	title = {Yellow Fat in Lambs (Summary only)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {33},
	year = {1973},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {191},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Crane B and Paterson DJ and Clare NT}
}
@conference {39355,
	title = {The Qualities of Ram Carcasses},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {32},
	year = {1972},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {39-47},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Paterson DJ}
}
@conference {39342,
	title = {Breeds of Sire for Export Lamb Production},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1971},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {175},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Carter AH and Clarke JN and Sinclair DP and Jury KE}
}
@conference {39323,
	title = {Effect of Pre-Slaughter Starvation on Weight-Loss in Cattle},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1971},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {42},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Paterson DJ}
}
@conference {39303,
	title = {Effect of pre-weaning plane of nutrition on subsequent growth and carcass quality of lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1970},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {106-115},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH}
}
@conference {39307,
	title = {Grading of lamb and mutton carcasses},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1970},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {130-143},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Jury KE}
}
@conference {39247,
	title = {The effect of two different planes of nutrition from conception to four years of age on the maintenance requirements and on the efficiency of wool growth},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {28},
	year = {1968},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {74-82},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Wodzicka-Tomaszewska M and Bigham ML and Kirton AH and Duganzich DM}
}
@conference {39204,
	title = {Hormonal synchronization of oestrus in Romney ewes during the breeding season},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1966},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {107-122},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Clarke JN and Roberts EM and Carter AH and Kirton AH}
}
@conference {39194,
	title = {Extent and nature of weight losses due to pre-slaughter fasting of lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {25},
	year = {1965},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {184-194},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Clarke JN and Carter AH and Sinclair DP}
}
@conference {39175,
	title = {Assessment of body composition in the live animal},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1964},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {77-89},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH}
}
@conference {39082,
	title = {Assessment of Fat in Mutton and Lamb},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {18},
	year = {1958},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {112-125},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Barton RA and Kirton AH}
}
