@conference {41125,
	title = {Effect of very low sperm doses on pregnancy rates after AI in sheep.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {219-222},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Low sperm numbers and ambient temperature storage are two important factors in the successful AI system for dairy cattle in New Zealand. A critical evaluation of these factors with ram semen is required before the establishment of a similar AI system within the NZ sheep industry is feasible. A trial involving a total of 1262 Romney ewes was conducted in April 1998 to examine the effects of inseminate dose (25, 5, 1 and 0.5 x 106 sperm) of semen held for up to 9 h at 20{\textdegree}C in two diluents (RSD-1 and RSD-8). Ewes, synchronised with 3 types of CIDR devices were laparoscopically AI{\textquoteleft}ed with semen from either a Finn or a Romney ram at set times (49 or 56h) after CIDR removal. AI was spread over 4 days in each of two consecutive weeks. Rams were used on each alternative day. Ewes were checked for return to service to determine pregnancy. There was a significant (P<0.001) difference between rams in pregnancy rate (Finn =35.6 and Romney =52.5\%). There was an effect (P<0.001) of inseminate dose (25 = 55.5 {\textpm} 2.6\%; 5 = 45.2 {\textpm} 2.6\%; 1 = 37.2 {\textpm} 2.6\% and 0.5 = 37.5 {\textpm} 2.6\%). However there was a suggestion of an overall dose by ram interaction with the Romney semen maintaining higher fertility at lower dose levels. There were no effects of inseminator or of diluent. Time from CIDR removal to oestrus had a significant (P<0.05) effect. Time to onset of oestrus was affected by CIDR type. While there was no overall effect of CIDR type on fertility, there was a significant (P<0.05) interaction between sperm dose and CIDR type. These results indicate that acceptable (>50\%) fertility can be achieved with sperm dose rates as low as 1.0x106 if semen quality is satisfactory thus increasing the number of inseminates per ejaculate 20-50 fold. Improved synchrony methods seem imperative to obtaining better fertility from AI. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Parr J and Murray GR and Clarke A and Oliver JE and McDonald RM and Duganzich DM}
}
@conference {41126,
	title = {Seasonal changes in the protein content and composition of ram seminal plasma},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {223-225},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Seasonal changes in ram semen composition are accompanied by changes in fertility of frozen semen. These changes in fertility are not all easily explained simply in terms of the changes seen in sperm numbers per ejaculate. The possibility that changes in the composition of seminal plasma may be involved in the seasonal changes in ram fertility needs to be considered. An experiment that examined the protein content and composition of seminal plasma was conducted. Semen samples were collected from 10 rams ( 5 each from the BV -ve and  BV +ve selection lines for early lambing) and the seminal plasma separated by centrifugation. Samples were collected with AV in the first week of each month for 12 months (after a 4-day period of abstinence). The protein concentration was determined and the samples were subjected to electrophoresis by SDS-PAGE using mini gels. Seminal plasma samples from all rams for each month were analysed on the same gel for each of the 12 months. In addition samples for all 12 months for each ram were also analysed on the same gel. The seasonal changes in seminal plasma protein profiles were recorded. There was a seasonal change in the total protein concentration of seminal plasma with higher levels (36.9 vs 23.0 mg/ml, P<0.001) observed during the breeding season (January to June). In the rams selected for out-of -season breeding (BV-ve) protein levels were also elevated in December and again in June and July. Several protein bands that were present in seminal plasma from all rams during the breeding season were absent from a number of rams during the non-breeding season (August to December). Their absence was confirmed on larger format 1D SDS-PAGE gels. The majority of these proteins fell between 20 and 70 kDa molecular weight. The absence of these proteins from seminal plasma coincides with the time of the year when we observed poor maintenance of motility in fresh semen and a reduction in the velocity of frozen/thawed sperm from semen collected from the same rams.
Further work is required to identify and characterise these proteins and to elucidate their function and role in ram fertility.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Parr J and Murray GR and McDonald RM and Lee RS-F}
}
@conference {41023,
	title = {Effect of sperm dose, diluent type and timing of insemination on pregnancy rates in sheep.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {186-188},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Low sperm numbers and ambient temperature storage are two important factors in the successful AI system for dairy cattle in New Zealand. Similar technologies with ram semen are required before the establishment of a similar AI system within the NZ sheep industry is feasible. A trial involving a total of 1200 Romney ewes was conducted in April 1997 to examine the effects of inseminate dose (50, 25, or 5 x 10--6 sperm) of semen held for up to 9 h at 20{\textdegree}C in two diluents (RSD-1 and Tris + egg yolk). In the first half of the trial ewes were laparoscopically inseminated with semen from Finn rams at set times (49 and 56 h) after CIDR removal, while in the second half of the trial ewes were inseminated with semen from Romney rams following the detection of oestrus, after CIDR removal, resulting in insemination times of 26, 44 and 49 h post removal. Returns to service in the cycle following AI were recorded and ewes were scanned for pregnancy 50 days post AI. There was a significant difference between ram breeds in pregnancy rate (Finn 63.2 \% v Romney 50.2 \% ; P<0.05). There were no effects of inseminate dose nor of diluent. Time to onset of oestrus was affected by ewe live weight (P<0.05) with the heavier ewes showing a trend for an earlier onset but there was no overall effect of ewe weight on fertility. The effect of time to onset was reflected in an effect of time from CIDR removal to AI in the second half of the trial, with ewes AI{\textquoteright}d within 30h of CIDR removal having a 10\% lower fertility. These results indicate that acceptable fertility can be achieved with semen dose rates 5 to 10 fold less than normal, thereby increasing the number of inseminations available per ejaculate. Improved synchrony methods seem imperative to obtaining better fertility from AI. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Parr J and Murray GR and Clarke A and Oliver JE and Duganzich DM}
}
@conference {41022,
	title = {Relationships between laboratory measures of ram sperm competence and field fertility.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {181-185},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Previous work has show poor relationships between the maintenance of sperm motility and fertility after AI of ram semen. New laboratory tests of sperm competence have been developed but their relationship to fertility needs to be established. Two large scale trials involving the laboratory evaluation of straws of frozen semen from different rams and the field AI of ewes with the same batches of semen were conducted. In Trial A, 1671 ewes were AI{\textquoteleft}d with 52 batches of semen from 26 rams on 6 farms. In Trial B 6872 ewes were AI{\textquoteleft}d with 137 batches of semen from 34 rams on 25 farms. In Trial A, there was no linkage between farms while in Trial B the same batch was used on more than one farm and most farms had more than 1 batch from more than 1 ram. Laboratory evaluation involved: visual motility assessment post thaw and time taken to drop to 5\% motility when incubated at 38{\textdegree}C, 8 parameters of velocity and direction of motility using CASA; \% live and \% acrosome intact and sperm concentration. These parameters were measured immediately post-thaw and in Trial B a repeat measurement was made after 6h at 38{\textdegree}C. In addition, in Trial A the relative IVF value was determined. In Trial A there were significant (P<0.05) between farm and ram within farm effects on fertility (\% pregnant) but no ejaculate within ram effect. Significant (P<0.001) differences were seen in all semen parameters except initial motility, time to 5\% and concentration. Parameters correlated with fertility were IVF and \% live and together these accounted for 44 \% of the variation. In Trial B, there were effects of farm on fertility (P<0.001) and breed of ram (P<0.05), residual ram variation was non-zero but not significant. There were significant differences between rams and between ejaculates within rams in concentration, visual motility, \% live, velocity and directional parameters. The number of live and motile sperm inseminated was correlated (P<0.001) with fertility. Significant (P<0.05) correlations were also obtained between two CASA parameters; the \% live and \% visual motility, after 6h of incubation. Multiple regression equations were derived that accounted for between 62 and 75 \% of the variation between rams. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Parr J and Murray GR and Clarke A and McDonald RM and Duganzich DM}
}
@conference {40952,
	title = {Effect on time of year of treatment and selection for out-of-season breeding on the superovulatory response in ewes.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {258},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Previous results (Greaney, et al.,1991.) indicate that season of year has little effect on the response parameters of MOET although interactions between breed and season were recorded. Flocks within a breed have been selected for differences in seasonal lambing patterns based on ewe lambing date (Smith, et al.,1992). This trial reports the effects of this selection on the production and quality of embryos following superovulation at two times of the year as part of the cryogenic conservation process for these flocks.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and McGowan LT and Murray GR and Parr J and Pugh PA and Tervit HR}
}
@conference {40953,
	title = {Seasonal Patterns in Production and Quality of Semen of Rams from Flocks Selected for or against an Early Breeding Season.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {259},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Seasonal patterns of semen production and sperm quality from rams of different breeds have been previously reported (Colas, 1979). Flocks within a breed have been selected for differences in seasonal lambing patterns based on ewe lambing date (Smith, et al.,1992). This trial reports the effects of this selection on the production and quality of semen from rams in those flocks.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Parr J and Smith JK and Briggs RM and Duganzich DM}
}
@conference {40843,
	title = {Effect of selection for early lambing on the testicular diameter of the male offspring},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {310-313},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Testicular size has been linked to reproductive efficiency and changes  in testicular size could provide an early indicator for the choice of ram  lambs to be used in flocks selecting for out-of-season breeding ability. For 3  years, 20 ram lambs from each of the BV(DL)-ve (earlier lambing) and  BV(DL)+ve (later lambing) flocks at Ruakura were monitored for testicular  diameter (TD) and liveweight (LWT) from weaning until November the  following year. In 1991 and 1992, BV(DL) class and season of birth were  confounded while in 1993 both BV(DL) classes were represented in both  seasons of birth (Autumn and Spring). At the same age Autumn born BV(DL)-ve rams had larger (P<0.05) TD than  did Spring born BV(DL)+ve rams in all years. For the 1993 born lambs, the  shape of the TD growth curve was different for each BV(DL) x season of  birth sub-class (P<0.001). However, at any single age point the within sub- class variation in TD (rsd = 4.6 mm) was such that no meaningful selection  for BV(DL) could be made within rams for that season of birth. Liveweight  interacted with TD and this effect was also influenced by the season of birth. These data indicate that while TD is influenced by season of birth, the  difference in TD between ram lambs of divergent BV(DL; selection for out- of-season breeding ability) was not sufficient for TD to be a useful  parameter for early selection. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Parr J and Duganzich DM}
}
@conference {40726,
	title = {Comparison of cervical, transcervical and laparoscopic insemination of ewes with chilled stored and frozen ram semen},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {248-250},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A technique for transcervical artificial insemination (TAI) of the ewe  has been reported as an alternative to laparoscopic intrauterine insemination  (LAI). This study evaluated the techniques under New Zealand conditions.   Romney ewes (365) were treated in February for 14 days with CIDR},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Parr J and Beaumont S and Oliver JE and Upreti GC}
}
@conference {40725,
	title = {Effect of diluent type and storage time on the pregnancy rate of ewes inseminated laparoscopically with chilled ram semen},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {245-247},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Five trials involving 879 ewes were conducted in November,  December 1993, February, March and April 1994. Ewes were synchronised  with CIDR},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Parr J and Murray G and Oliver JE and Beaumont S and Upreti GC}
}
@conference {40697,
	title = {Effect of selection for early lambing on the expression of hogget oestrus activity},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {154-156},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The effect of grazing parasitised ewe lambs on herbages with and  without condensed tannins (CT},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Parr J and Murray G and Harris C and Duganzich DM}
}
@conference {40720,
	title = {Effect of selection for early lambing performance on the seasonal patterns of gonadotrophin levels; response to GnRH and semen characteristics},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {228-231},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Brewer JC and Briggs RM and Parr J and Wilkins RJ and Smith JF}
}
@conference {40719,
	title = {Seasonal changes in LH profiles of ewes selected for and against an early lambing date},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {224-227},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Briggs RM and Parr J and Johnson DL and Duganzich DM}
}
@conference {40512,
	title = {The date of onset of puberty in ewe lambs as an indicator of the ability to breed out-of-season},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {299-302},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Half-sib heritability estimates were derived from ewe lamb progeny of the Woodlands Romney selection project. Ultrasonic subcutaneous fat depths (C) were measured with a Delphi probe at 5, 6, 8 and 14 months of age.  Heritability estimates at each age were 0.31 (SE=0.12), 0.45 (0.11), 0.29 (0.06) and 0.28 (0.09) respectively. A Toshiba Sonolayer SAL-22A B-mode ultrasonic scanner was used to measure muscle width (A), depth (B) and GR tissue depth at 14 months of age and resultant heritability estimates were 0.07 (0.05), 0.26 (0.09) and 0.39 (0.11), respectively. Genetic correlations among ultrasonic fat depths at different ages ranged from 0.81-0.95 (SE 0.06-0.12) with higher values for those of closer temporal separation. Phenotypic correlations were consistently about 0.3 below the corresponding genetic correlations. Ultrasonic GR had a high heritability estimate and a high genetic correlation with fat depth at 14 months of 0.84 (0.08),but its genetic correlations with fat depths at earlier ages, were lower ranging from 0.55 to 0.72. The genetic correlation of hogget fleece weight with fat depth at 8 months of age was 0.09 (0.15), and the genetic correlation between 8 month liveweight and fat depth was 0.38 (0.13); similar relationships were found for fat depths measured at other ages. The heritability estimate for muscle depth B was moderate and close to that reported for carcass measurements. In contrast, the estimate for muscle width A was lower than reports for carcass measurements perhaps reflecting limitations in the ultrasonic technology used. The results indicate that ultrasonic measurements are useful selection criteria in breeding programmes to alter carcass traits.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Parr J and Johnson DL and Duganzich DM}
}
@conference {40511,
	title = {Effect of diluent and storage time on pregnancy rate in ewes after intra- uterine insemination},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {295-298},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Liveweight gain, wool weight, wool characteristics, age of onset of oestrus and animal health data were recorded for purebred Awassi (n=37) and Coopworth (n=40) lambs in quarantine from birth to six months of age. No significant differences, between the Awassi and Coopworth lambs were recorded in: birth weight, liveweight gain (birth to weaning), and liveweight gain (weaning to 6 months). A trend for the Coopworths to have greater liveweight gains was noted. Significantly less wool was clipped from Awassi lambs (0.83 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Asher GW and Briggs RM and Morrow CJ and Murray GR and Oliver JE and Parr J and Veldhuizen FA and Upreti GC}
}
@conference {40427,
	title = {Effect of oestrogen pre-treatment and duration of CIDR treatment on pattern of onset of oestrus in ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {257-260},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {When they were weaned at five and a half months of age, 33 Angus  heifers were randomly divided into two groups representing different  planes of nutrition. From weaning until two months before calving which  began on 15 July 1977 the liveweight difference between the two groups  was steadily increased until the high plane group (HP) weighed 17 kg  more than the low plane group (LP) on 17 May 1977. From then until  calving the high plane group was fed to maintain constant liveweight,  while the low plane group was fed to gain liveweight at the rate of 0.3  kg/day. When calving began both groups weighed the same average  liveweight (415 kg).   Calf birth weight was affected by nutritional treatment (HP 26.2 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Parr J}
}
@conference {40294,
	title = {The efficacy of used CIDR devices for synchronisation of oestrus and post-mating treatment},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {111-116},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {An upper limit to the force animals exert to server a bite maybe  important in maintaining grazing momentum. Structural strength of  accessible pasture components would then determine bite dimensions and  weight.   Pure perennial ryegrass turfs (surface area 0.1m2 x 0.1m soil depth),  were manipulated by clipping to produce 3 pasture heights (5, 10 and  15cm) x 3 sward structures (varying in leaf to pseudostem ratio and bulk  density). Six sheep grazed 4 turfs fixed to a force plate of each  height and bulk density. Mean peak bite force, bite weight, bite depth,  bite area, bite volume and grazed stratum bulk density were calculated.   Peak bite force increased with sward surface height but significantly so  only between 10 and 15 cm. Sward structure had no effect except on the  5cm sward treatment with the highest grazed stratum bulk density. Bite  depth and bite weight increased with pasture height and were not  influenced by sward structure at a constant height. Bite area was  similar at all sward heights, but decreased as grazed stratum bulk  density increased. On short swards, proximity to the ground restricted  bite depth and bite weight rather than peak bite force. Low bite  weights per newton bite force may constrain bite depth and weight rather  than absolute peak bite force.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Konlechner JA and Parr J}
}
@conference {40295,
	title = {Factors influencing the time to onset of oestrus after synchronisation treatment in ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {117-122},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The effect of varying the height and bulk density of the leafy  zone of the sward on the ingestive behaviour of six 11 month old Red  deer hinds and seven 14 month old Romney ewe hoggets was examined. Deer  and sheep, confined to metabolism crates were randomly allocated 21  sward height x density combinations consisting of 7 heights (3-21 cm) x  3 bulk densities (0.19-0.75 mg DM/cm3). The Sorghum bicolor  swards were grown in 42 x 30 cm trays and had a deep, stem free leafy  zone. The required height of leaf was made accessible to animals by  raising or lowering each sward relative to a horizontal grid of fine  rods forming 3 cm x 3 cm squares below which animals could not graze.  The two lower bulk densities were engineered by snipping out alternate  rows, or rows and columns of plants. After grazing for at least 20  bites, bite depth, bite weight, grazed stratum bulk density, bite volume  and bite area were calculated.   The ingestive behaviour of deer and sheep was very similar in relation  to height and bulk density. The positive effect of height on bite depth  was on average 11 times as large as the negative effect of bulk density.  Height had little or no effect upon bite area, while bulk density had a  moderate, negative effect. On average a 100\% increase in height or bulk  density respectively resulted in a 64\% vs only 21\% increase in bite  weight; reflecting the fact that bite volume increased in relation to H  (39\%) but decreased in relation to bulk density (18\%). Thus height was  the major determinant of bite volume and bite weight via its influence  on bite depth.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Konlechner JA and Parr J}
}
@conference {40209,
	title = {Effect of oestradiol implants and protein nutrition on plasma FSH levels in ovariectomised ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {145-148},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The possible impact of developments in artificial insemination   (AI), multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), sexed semen and   embryos, cloning, physiological markers, genetic markers and transgenic   livestock on rates of genetic change are reviewed and discussed.   Previous theoretical predictions have exaggerated the potential   increases in rates of genetic change available from MOET, particularly   in small, closed MOET nucleus schemes. Sexing of semen and/or embryos   has a relatively small effect on rates of genetic change, but sex   control can potentially have a dramatic effect on the efficiency of   farming systems. Developing techniques to produce large clone families   in livestock will increase rates of genetic change, particularly through   faster dissemination of superior genotypes to commercial populations. A   cost-benefit analysis of some different strategies for increasing   genetic change in the New Zealand dairy cattle population has identified   that useful contributions could come from AI (by doubling current bull   coverage) and from MOET and genetic and/or physiological markers.   Equally important economic returns were identified from increasing the   number of bull mothers continuously bred by AI.     The impact of transgenic animals, gene mapping and genetic markers   (linkage) on rates of genetic change is likely to take much longer (10-   20 years) than the reproductive techniques.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Cruickshank GJ and Payne E and Konlechner J and Parr J and McGowan LT and McLaughlin RR}
}
@conference {40208,
	title = {Studies into the mechanisms by which nutrition influences ovulation rate: use of the ovariectomized ewe model},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {141-144},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Gene transfer offers vast potential for improvements in animal   agriculture. Improvements in quantity, quality and efficiency of   production as well as entirely new forms of production can be envisage.     Realising this potential, however, is hampered by dilution and   duplication of effort, an acute shortage of trained personnel, and the   perceived gulf between scientific developments and the launching of a   product on the market.     Overcoming these obstacles will require participation in decision-making   by experts from other fields as well as science, and national co-   ordination of effort coupled with identifiable, committed funding from   government and the private sector. Producer groups and professional   societies such as the New Zealand Society of Animal Production should   play a leading role in these developments.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Cruickshank GJ and Smith JF and Konlechner J and Parr J}
}
@conference {40099,
	title = {Seasonal changes in oestrus, ovulation and conception of Coopworth ewes treated with CIDRs and PMSG},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1988},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {99-102},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Recent interest in mating ewes at non-traditional times has increased the risk of sporidesmin poisoning (facial eczema) during mid to late pregnancy and lactation. In this pilot study, autumn mated ewes dosed with sporidesmin during pregnancy were used as a model to study the effects of sporidesmin poisoning on production. Ninety ewes were randomised into 3 equal sized groups and were dosed with either a low (0.125 mg/kg live weight) or moderate (0.250 mg/kg) dose of sporidesmin at 120},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Cruickshank GF and McGowan LT and Parr J and Mortimer BJ}
}
