@conference {40975,
	title = {Techniques for extraction of proteins for enzymatic measurements from ram spermatozoa and sheep muscle},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {19},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A method for the preparation of enzyme active representative homogenates of muscle is described. This method was also  valuated for spermatozoa and it was observed that the protocol needs to be adapted for various tissue types.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Upreti GC and Oliver JE and Clarke AG and Clarke JN and Smith JF}
}
@conference {40949,
	title = {Changes in the activities of plasma membrane bound sperm enzymes during semen processing.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {251},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The physico-chemical changes in spermatozoa that take place during semen processing and storage regulate the fertilising ability of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa1 motil-ity, traditionally used as a marker of fertilising ability, does not indicate the true fertilising ability of spermatozoa (Smithet al., 1993),although motility is required for in  vivo fertilisation. In this study we have monitored changes in activities of spermatozoa1 enzymes at various stages of semen processing. In future, these changes could be corre-lated to fertilising ability. It is also anticipated, that the information on these enzymes would improve our under-standing of basic sperm physiology.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Oliver JE and Upreti GC and Duganzich DM and Smith JF}
}
@conference {40859,
	title = {Brief Communication: Effect of lipids on ram spermatozoal motility},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {365-366},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Lipids from egg yolk, milk and coconut were toxic to ram  spermatozoal motility. The toxicity of egg yolk lipid was associated with the  neutral lipid fraction. Motility was prolonged in the presence of coconut  lipid.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Upreti GC and Hicks K and Oliver JE and Briggs RM and Duganzich DM and Smith JF}
}
@conference {40855,
	title = {Brief Communication: The effect of inorganic ions on ram sperm motility using Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {353-354},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The role of specific inorganic ions in the maintenance of ram sperm  motility in a chemically defined ram semen diluent (RSD-1) was examined.  A preliminary experiment identified that magnesium was required to  maintain motility. Significant treatment and incubation effects were  observed for all motility parameters (P<.05). RSD-1 (treatment T1) was  modified to provide a series of treatments. Effects measured were the  substitution of MgCl2 (T2) or MgSO4 (T3) and the elimination of KH2PO4  (T4) or NaHCO3 (T5). A total of 10 ejaculates were analysed using the  Hobson Sperm Tracker (HST) over a period of 7 days. Semen was cooled to  15 C after dilution with treatment diluents and reheated to 38 C after 1 hr  and 5 days storage. Motility was measured after incubation at 38 C for 0,  24, and 48 hours. Treatments had a significant (P<0.001) effect on the  velocity parameters and the percentage of motile sperm. Treatments T4 and  T5 had greatest depression in motility parameters with fresh semen while T5  also had an effect with stored sperm. Substitution of the MgSO4 (T3)  reduced the velocity parameters in the fresh semen e.g. mean Curvilinear  velocity (VCL) values (},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Briggs RM and Upreti GC and Smith JF and Duganzich DM}
}
@conference {40805,
	title = {Genetic improvement of meat quality in sheep and cattle},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {157-162},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Genetic variations in body composition are apparent as differences  among breeds, crosses, selected strains and sire groups. Crossbreeding, use  of terminal sires and selection within breeds has tended to concentrate on  total meat output rather than quality, despite consistent consumer signals  against fat. Evidence suggests that, in males selected using live animal  ultrasound measurements of fat and muscle depths, about half of the  selection pressure available to improve growth rate should be sacrificed in  order to maximise economic response through decrease in carcass fat  content. Genetic variations in lean/fat partitioning to different regions and muscles of  the carcass, and in traits affecting the wider sensory appeal of cooked meat,  are also important to the range and consistency of meat products. Indirect  live animal indicators are vital to minimising the high cost of progeny  testing. Meat product tenderness is one example. Much of the variation is  under the control of the calpain system for which genetic differences have  been found among breeds and crosses, related families, selection lines, and  in strains segregating for major genes and genetic markers (e.g. calpastatin  and the CSSM18 and TGLA122 markers of the callipyge gene in sheep).  Decreased post mortem tenderness is associated with decreased proteolytic  enzyme activity which in some cases is related to increased lean growth  rates in the live animals as well. Between and within muscle variations in actin/myosin interactions, lipid,  myoglobin contents and solubilities can also give rise to genetic variations  in tenderness, meat flavour, colour and the heat gellation properties of  myosin. The biochemical basis of these effects suggests useful indicator  traits (e.g. LDH and ICDH enzyme activity associations with fibre type,  intra-muscular fat and haem iron contents) which are likely to offer  innovative genetic solutions to long-term industry competitiveness.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Clarke JN and Morris CA and Speck PA and Upreti GC and Nicoll GB}
}
@conference {40726,
	title = {Comparison of cervical, transcervical and laparoscopic insemination of ewes with chilled stored and frozen ram semen},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {248-250},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A technique for transcervical artificial insemination (TAI) of the ewe  has been reported as an alternative to laparoscopic intrauterine insemination  (LAI). This study evaluated the techniques under New Zealand conditions.   Romney ewes (365) were treated in February for 14 days with CIDR},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Parr J and Beaumont S and Oliver JE and Upreti GC}
}
@conference {40725,
	title = {Effect of diluent type and storage time on the pregnancy rate of ewes inseminated laparoscopically with chilled ram semen},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {245-247},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Five trials involving 879 ewes were conducted in November,  December 1993, February, March and April 1994. Ewes were synchronised  with CIDR},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Parr J and Murray G and Oliver JE and Beaumont S and Upreti GC}
}
@conference {40721,
	title = {Field scale evaluation of semen diluents for cervical AI in sheep: An attempt at technology transfer},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {232-235},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No Abstract Supplied},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Aspinall J and Oliver JE and Murray G and Smith JK and Upreti GC}
}
@conference {40681,
	title = {Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in yearling Angus cattle},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {101-103},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The Stockpol model was designed for decision support on New Zealand sheep and beef cattle farms. It indicates the biological feasibility of a livestock system and provides the opportunity for users to test alternative livestock policies. An evaluation of the Stockpol model was made using 44 data sets from farmlet trials at Gore, Ballantrae, and Whatawhata Research Centres and data from Massey University{\textquoteright}s Riverside farmin the Waiarapa. These data covered a range of sheep and beef finishing systems. The main test compared the measured pasture growth rate with that required by Stockpol to predict the monthly pasture cover recorded in the data. Measured and required pasture growth rates differed significantly (<0.01) in July, August and September. The model was conservative and required an average of 5.1 kgDM/ha/day more growth over these months than was measured. In other months the differences were small and non significant. When animal demand was adjusted to mimic pasture cover, adjustments of minus 22\% from July to September were required. Overall it was considered tha Stockpol can be used with confidence for analysing options for farmer decision making. Areas for further improvement of Stockpol have been defined as the pasture growth model in early spring. Aspects of the animal demand in early spring also need to be tested more vigorously. The evaluation emphasised the importance of consistent input data for use in models. For example, the pasture measurement technique was different at each of the four sites studied. This may explain some of the variation between predicted and measured data.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Morris CA and Cullen NG and Upreti GC}
}
@conference {40511,
	title = {Effect of diluent and storage time on pregnancy rate in ewes after intra- uterine insemination},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {295-298},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Liveweight gain, wool weight, wool characteristics, age of onset of oestrus and animal health data were recorded for purebred Awassi (n=37) and Coopworth (n=40) lambs in quarantine from birth to six months of age. No significant differences, between the Awassi and Coopworth lambs were recorded in: birth weight, liveweight gain (birth to weaning), and liveweight gain (weaning to 6 months). A trend for the Coopworths to have greater liveweight gains was noted. Significantly less wool was clipped from Awassi lambs (0.83 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Asher GW and Briggs RM and Morrow CJ and Murray GR and Oliver JE and Parr J and Veldhuizen FA and Upreti GC}
}
@conference {40425,
	title = {Effect of physical parameters on ram spermatozoal motility},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {251-254},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Local sympathectomy was achieved by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine  into the dermis at two sites on the right midside of each of three  Merino wethers. Saline was injected into matching sites on the left  midside. After one week, noradrenaline was injected into one site on  each side and saline into the other. Colchicine was administered into  all sites immediately after noradrenaline, skin biopsies removed from  each site two hours later and histological preparations assessed for the  accumulation of mitoses in wool follicles.   Compared with saline treated sites, noradrenaline significantly  depressed the number of accumulated mitoses at control and  sympathectomised sites by 34 and 36\% respectively (P=0.002). A  pharmacological dose of noradrenaline therefore has the potential to  reduce wool production. Sympathectomy increased mitotic rate at saline  and noradrenaline treated sites by 16 and 18\% respectively, although  this increase was not significant at the 5\% level (P=0.0094). Elevation  of mitotic activity via elimination of endogenous sources of  noradrenaline may help to explain the mechanism by which surgical  sympathectomy has previously been reported to increase wool production.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Upreti GC and Oliver J and Munday R and Smith JF}
}
