@conference {41114,
	title = {Amino acid supply to the small intestine of dairy cows fed pasture},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {180-183},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Two experiments measured the quantity and quality of amino acids available for absorption by four dairy cows fed pasture. Experiment 1 compared a diet of ryegrass/white clover pasture offered ad libitum or at 75\% of ad libitum intake during October. Experiment 2, conducted in December, compared an all-ryegrass diet with a diet comprising 100\% ryegrass, or 50\% ryegrass and 50\% white clover. Treatments were assigned according to a 2x2 crossover design. Restricted feeding (Experiment 1) significantly reduced the total supply of amino acids to the small intestine by 23\% (246 vs. 190g amino acid nitrogen/d). Compared to an all-ryegrass diet, a ryegrass diet which contained 50\% white clover (Experiment 2) significantly increased the total supply of amino acids by 10\% (284 vs. 259g amino acid nitrogen/d). For all four pasture diets, arginine, methionine, and histidine were identified, in that order, as being most limiting, supplying 67, 71, and 77\%, respectively, of the absorbable amino acid requirement. The supply of absorbable lysine from all four pasture diets was found to meet requirements of dairy cows in early to mid lactation. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kolver ES and Carruthers VR and Neil PG and de Veth MJ and Jansen EBL and Phipps DE}
}
@conference {40978,
	title = {Reticular Groove Contraction in Yearling Cattle Detected by Breath Test},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {29-31},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A novel method was used to detect the incidence of reticular groove contraction in yearling cattle. Following its oral administration, 13C octanoic acid is absorbed from the intestine, metabolised by the liver and the 13C label excreted in the CO2 of breath. Contraction of the reticular groove should result in a quicker and greater peak appearance of 13C in breath, than when swallowed material is delivered into the reticulo-rumen. Mean breath 13 C enrichment after drenching with NaCl was greater (P<0.001) than with water. Mean increases in enrichment after sucking molasses and label were greater than drenching with water (P<0.001) and NaCl (P<0.05). These results are consistent with sodium and sucking stimulating reticular groove contraction and support the use of this method as a simple, repeatable, non-radioactive and non-invasive means of detecting the route taken of orally administered therapeutic agents or nutrients. The test, for example, would identify those animals at risk by rumen bypass of anti-bloat agents. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McLeay LM and Carruthers VR and Neil PG}
}
@conference {40912,
	title = {Effect of mil production and liveweight of feeding balanced or unbalanced supplements to cows grazing restricted summer pasture},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {151-153},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {To test whether supplementing summer pasture with a balanced ration would improve milk production and liveweight compared to supplementing with silage, four groups of 12 cows were offered with grazed pasture (P), P plus silage (S), P plus a ration which balanced the diet for crude protein (CP) and carbohydrate (PB), or P plus a ration which balanced the diet for neutral detergent fibre (NDF), non structural carbohydrate (NSC) and CP, (CB). The S, PB and CB treatments produced similar milk and milk protein yields, which were higher (P<0.01) than P. Milk fat yield for PB and CB was higher (P<0.001) compared to P but not compared to S. The average liveweight gain for S and PB was 16 kg higher (P<0.01) than P. No improvement in milk production was observed to feeding supplements which balanced either total carbohydrate and CP or NDF, NSC and CP compared to silage supplements. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Neil PG and Thomson NA}
}
@conference {40829,
	title = {Microbial protein synthesis and milk production in cows offered pasture diets differing in non-structural carbohydrate content},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {255-259},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The effect on ruminal fermentation and milk production of increasing  the proportion of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) in a pasture diet was  investigated in early (Trial 1) and late (Trial 2) lactation. Twenty four cows  in Trial 1 and 15 cows in Trial 2 were offered pasture (P), 85\% P plus 15\%  protein/NSC mixture (PR), and P+10\% (Trial 1) or P+15\% (Trial 2) NSC  (PE) in a latin square design. All diets were isonitrogenous and P and PR  were isoenergetic. PE but not PR increased microbial protein synthesis and  decreased rumen ammonia and milk urea levels compared to P in both trials.  In Trial 1, neither PE nor PR increased milk yield or milk solids output  compared to P. Nitrogen but not dry matter digestibility was reduced on PR  and PE compared to P. Ruminal degradation of casein, but not of pasture,  was increased on PR and PE compared to P. In Trial 2 the milk yields of  cows offered PE and PR were greater than those offered P, and greater on  PE than PR. Increasing the ratio of carbohydrate to protein was more  effective in improving nitrogen utilisation in the rumen than was increasing  the proportion of NSC.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Carruthers VR and Neil PG and Dalley DE}
}
