@conference {40918, title = {Effect of nitrogen fertiliser and concentrate feed on dairy production.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production}, volume = {57}, year = {1997}, month = {Jan}, pages = {172-175}, publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production}, organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production}, abstract = {Over three dairy seasons (1993/94-1994/95) the input of additional N fertiliser (149 kg N/ha) and dairy meal (570 kg meal/cow) was evaluated in dairy farm systems with calving commencing on 20 June. Four farm systems were evaluated: Control LS (no extra N fertiliser, stocking rate, 3.6 cows/ha), NLS (21 kg N/ha after every grazing September to January, 3.6 cows/ha), NHS (N fertiliser same as NLS, 4.2 cows/ha) and NMHS (N fertiliser same as NLS, dairy meal fed at 0.5-3.0 kg/cow/day depending on pasture availability, 4.2 cows/ha). Each farmlet received a base application of 100 kg N/ha; 40 kg N/ha in March and 60 kg N/ha in July. The additional 146 kg N/ha increased (P<0.01) milksolids production by 107 kg/ha, or an additional 0.73 kg MS/kg of N fertiliser applied. The increased milksolids resulted mainly from increased pasture conserved (average of 192 kg DM/cow) which when fed out in summer/early autumn resulted in an increased lactation length of 17 days. A comparison of the NHS and the NMHS treatments showed that the feeding of dairy meal (ME, 13.7 MJ/kg DM and 11.1\% crude protein) increased (P<0.01) milksolids production by 77 kg/cow. An increase of 136 g MS/kg of meal fed. The advantage to meal feeding occurred throughout lactation but more in late lactation where lactation length was extended by 35 days. The greater proportion of the response to additional feed inputs from an increase in lactation length rather than an increase in production/cow/day. }, issn = {1176-5283}, author = {Thomson NA and Johnson RJ and Clough J and McCallum DA} } @conference {40570, title = {The effect of different perennial ryegrass cultivars on dairy animal performance}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production}, volume = {54}, year = {1994}, month = {Jan}, pages = {87-90}, publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production}, organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production}, abstract = {A study at the Taranaki Agricultural Research Station investigated possible limitations to dairy production due to recently released ryegrass cultivars. Dairy animals grazed pure swards of either Yatsyn-1, Embassy, Vedette or Pacific in a series of three trials from February 1992 to April 1993. Three ryegrass cultivars (Yatsyn-1, Embassy and Vedette) were infected with the endophyte Acremonium lolii. Pacific was infected with an Acremonium endophyte, strain 187B. In trial 1 (autumn 1992) liveweight gain of dairy calves grazing the respective cultivars over eleven weeks were monitored. Trial 2 (spring 1992) and trial 3 (summer/autumn 1993) were each conducted over 3 consecutive 8 day periods using dairy cows. Liveweight gain and ryegrass staggers were monitored in trial 1, and milk volume and composition in trials 2 \& 3. Herbage mass before and after grazing, dry matter disappearance, botanical composition, lolitrem b, in-vitro digestibility and crude protein levels were measured on each occasion, and ergovaline levels in trial 3. Ryegrass cultivar had no effect on calf liveweight gain. Ryegrass staggers were encountered in calves grazing Yatsyn-1, Embassy and Vedette but not in Pacific. In spring and in February and March of the summer/autumn trials, ryegrass cultivar had no effect on milk production or composition. Milksolids production from Yatsyn-1 was lower (P<0.05) than from Vedette and Pacific in April. Lolitrem content of Pacific was lower (0.14 ug/g grass) and ergovaline content higher (0.99 ug/g grass) in comparison to the other ryegrasses. There was no difference between cultivars in pasture utilisation, botanical composition, digestibility or crude protein levels. It is concluded that ryegrass cultivar or endophyte strain had little effect on dairy animal performance. }, issn = {1176-5283}, author = {McCallum DA and Thomson NA} } @conference {39885, title = {Herbage allowance, pasture quality and milkfat production as affected by stocking rate and conservation policy}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production}, volume = {44}, year = {1984}, month = {Jan}, pages = {67-70}, publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production}, organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production}, abstract = {Four cows were fitted with unilateral temporary cannulae to both parotid and mandibular glands in an experiment designed to determine which salivary proteins were secreted by these glands. Parasympathomimetic stimulation produced a large salivary flow from the parotid gland (50.8 ml/min) with a relatively low protein concentration. Mandibular flow rates were lower, but the protein concentration was high giving a total protein of 1.3 mg/min. Sympathomimetic stimulation, during a parasympathomimetic booster, reduced the flow rates from both glands but increased the total protein output 7-fold from the parotid and 8-fold from the mandibular gland. Band 4 was the major protein secreted by the parotid gland while bands 3, 7 and 8 were the major bands secreted by the mandibular gland.}, issn = {1176-5283}, author = {Thomson NA and Lagan JF and McCallum DA} }