@conference {40954,
	title = {Cost-benefit analysis of ultrasound scanning in meat breed ram breeding flocks.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {260-262},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {New software, able to account for the impact of early selection on genetic variances and covariances, was used to evaluate two-stage sequential selection schemes for genetic gains in terminal sire flocks. The objective was to increase carcass lean and decrease carcass fat. Ultrasound scanning of both ram and ewe replacements was financially rewarding. There was little difference between autumn and spring scanning for rams. Ultrasound scanning was significantly more rewarding in the South Island Intensive situation than the North Island Hard Hill Country. The scale of rewards varied significantly with generation interval in the ram breeding flocks.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Binnie DB and Clarke JN and Rae AL}
}
@conference {40532,
	title = {Prediction in animal production models based on the allometric hypothesis when the size variable is random},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {385-388},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Pleasants AB and Wake GC and Rae AL}
}
@conference {40369,
	title = {Expected responses in carcass composition to selection for muscularity in sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {29-32},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Fifty nine mixed age ewes from high (H) and low (L) faecal egg  count (FEC) selection lines were used in a MOET programme. Three years  of reproductive data were also recorded in 714 ewes from the 2 selection  lines and their control line (C). The mean (},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Waldron DF and Clarke JN and Rae AL and Woods EG}
}
@conference {40350,
	title = {Analysis of lamb schedules and relative economic values of lean and fat},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {405-410},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A model is constructed to give the probability of conception  conditional on the previous calving date in a herd of Angus beef cows.  The parameters of the model are the anoestrous period following calving,  the length of the oestrous cycle (both independent random variables  having normal probability distributions), and the conception rate at  each oestrus occurring within the mating period. The anoestrous period  is assumed to depend linearly on the calving date.   The observed calving distributions of 10 consecutive years in a beef cow  herd were used in the model to estimate the optimum herd conception rate  for the parameters "anoestrous period" and "regression between  anoestrous and calving date".   A conception rate at each oestrous during mating of 0.7 was assumed.  Anoestrous period was constrained by experiment to between 50 and 90  days. The regression between anoestrous and calving date was  constrained to between 0 and -0.5 days per day. These constraints  constituted a non-linear programming problem.   The optimum values for the anoestrous period under these conditions lay  between 60 and 70 days for the 10 years of data analysed. It is shown  that the anoestrous period has very little effect on herd in calf rate  below 70 days in the calving distributions considered. It is suggested  that resources should not be used to reduce the anoestrous period below  70 days.   The anoestrous period tended to have a greater effect on herd conception  rate if less than 90\% of the herd had calved before day 40 of the  calving period, and the anoestrous period was longer than 70 days.   Beginning mating 7 days earlier generally increased the herd conception  rate by about 1\% over the 10 years considered.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Waldron DF and Clarke JN and Rae AL}
}
@conference {40330,
	title = {Computer software to increase the efficiency of the New Zealand sheep industry},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {299-302},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Loose wool bulk has been identified as a desirable objective  characteristic associated with superior end-product performance in many  of the present uses of wool. These are specifically, improve appearance  retention of carpets and improved insulation of knitting yarns and loose  wool batts. Breeds have been shown to differ in their ability to  produce high bulk wools. Loose wool bulk is strongly inherited in the  adult fleece, it is not however expressed in the lamb fleece and  subsequently cannot be used as a selection criteria until hogget  shearing. Fibre crimp appears to be the major factor associated with  bulk. Crimp formation in Merinos is related to follicle structure, cell  mitotic activity and cellular differentiation within the follicle bulk  resulting in the production of different cortical cell types. At this  time it is not known if a similar situation applies to crossbred wool  type sheep. The identification of a suitable measurable structural  characteristic would facilitate the selection of high loose wool bulk  crossbred wool type sheep at a young age.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Binnie DB and Clarke JN and Cooke AC and Johnson DL and Rae AL}
}
@conference {40349,
	title = {Selection for lean and against fat in sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {401-404},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A model quantifying outputs of carcass from pasture inputs was  used to study factors affecting biological efficiency (BE) of finishing  beef from 6 months to slaughter.   Two factors which determined biological efficiency (BE, kg carcass  gain/ha/yr) on pasture were pasture utilisation and animal conversion  efficiency. Effects of stocking rate, length of finishing period (1 v 2  years), mature size and maintenance efficiency of beasts on BE and its  components were studied.   Stocking rate was the major factor affecting utilisation rate however  more lighter (eg. 12\% more 750 kg than 900 kg mature sized) cattle need  to be run to achieve equivalent pasture utilisation. Nine percent less  cattle can be run in a 2 year system.   Average conversion efficiency was 40\% lower from finishing at 2 years  than 1 year. An increase in mature size from 750 to 900 kg increased  animal conversion by 14\%. A 20\% decrease in maintenance requirements  increased animal conversion by 10\%.   Constraints to produce specified carcass weights further favoured BE  with high mature weight beasts, particularly at intermediate carcass  weights (250 kg).   Breeding cattle for high mature size appears the best way of improving  the cattle available for finishing.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Clarke JN and Rae AL}
}
@conference {40167,
	title = {Technical aspects of the Animalplan system},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {197-202},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The relationships between sward height, bite dimensions and bite weight for one-year-old Friesian steers and bulls were examined. Eighteen turfs of uniform area of each of 3 pasture heights (5, 10, 15 cm) were cut from a ryegrass dominant sward in early spring and placed in polystyrene boxes. Sward height was measured prior to grazing and swards trimmed where necessary so that height in the surface horizon was uniform. The turfs were offered over 3 days to 3 bulls and 3 steers in a latin square design so that each animal had 20 bites of a turf of each height daily. Turfs were weighed to the nearest 0.1g before and after grazing. The height of grazed tillers was measured and all pasture was then removed above this height. The turf was then reweighed. Bite weight, depth, volume and area were then calculated for the steers and bulls. There was no significant difference between bulls and steers in bite dimensions. Sward height, which determines bite depth, appears to be the major determinant of bite weight and consequently of daily intake. The technique described has proved to be extremely useful in the study of specific sward structures and their effect on intake.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Johnson DL and Rae AL and Clarke JN}
}
@conference {40117,
	title = {Follicle and fleece characteristics of Merinos, Romneys and Merino-Romney crossbreds},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1988},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {195-200},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {In the first of 2 experiments, the milk production, food conversion efficiency, and grazing uniformity of Friesians and Jerseys were compared during a grazing trial of 21 d duration in mid lactation. Four groups of each breed, consisting of 12 cows per group, were offered pasture allowances of 10, 20, 30 or 40 kg dry matter (DM)/cow/d. In experiment 2, the energy metabolism of 6 Jerseys and 6 Friesians was compared by means of open circuit calorimetry. Energy balances were established for each cow when offered pasture at ad libitum, and at 75\% National Research Council (NRC) requirements. In Experiment 1, on average Friesians produced 26\% more milk, 6\% more milkfat, 13\% more protein and 24\% more lactose. At the lowest level of feeding (10 kg DM allowance/cow/d) Friesians produced more milk but less milkfat and protein than the Jerseys. Friesians consumed more pasture dry matter (av 13\%), lost more live weight and had a lower food conversion efficiency (61 v 67 g milkfat/kg DM consumed) than the Jerseys. It was calculated that milkfat per ha, at a common live weight was lower for the Friesians than Jerseys particularly at high rates of stocking. Partitioning of gross energy into digestible energy or metabolisable energy was not significantly affected by breed in Experiment 2, but the efficiency of utilisation of metabolisable energy for milk and tissue (balance energy) was higher for Jerseys than Friesians (0.58 v 0.48 respectively). The results suggest that in mid lactation Friesians produce more milk and milk solids per cow than do Jerseys because of the greater feed intake of Friesians. In contrast, the higher food conversion efficiency, utilisation of metabolisable energy and dry matter consumption per unit live weight of Jerseys allows them to achieve a higher production per hectare than the Friesians. Comparisons between breeds at other stages of lactation is warranted, particularly in light of current discussions about the system of payment for milk.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Meikle HE and Wickham GA and Rae AL and Dobbie JL and Hickey SM}
}
@conference {40083,
	title = {The stability of the relationship between subcutaneous fat percent in the rack and the side for Southdown ram carcasses},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1988},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {29-32},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The carcass composition of pasture-fed crossbred ram lambs of the Finn, Texel, Oxford Down, Border Leicester and Suffolk breeds was compared at the Hopuhopu Animal Quarantine and Research Station in 1987. Early results were in close agreement with overseas studies which have highlighted the low subcutaneous fat depth of Texel crossbreds in comparison with lambs from Suffolk sires at the same carcass weight. Finn crossbreds were relatively lean subcutaneously but had relatively more kidney fat. Texel crosses showed superior eye muscle development at constant carcass weight.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kadim IT and Purchas RW and Rae AL and Barton RA}
}
@conference {40005,
	title = {Further development of sheep recording in New Zealand},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {117-120},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Comparisons were made of ewe and lamb weaning weights under 2 lambing dates (6 August and 6 September) with ewes at 2 pre-lambing ewe live weights (52 and 64kg) on 2 levels of pre-lambing pasture mass (approximately 1000 and 400 kg DM/ha) in a 2},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Callow CF and Clarke JN and Rae AL}
}
@conference {39991,
	title = {Progeny testing for lean meat production in the Poll Dorset breed},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {45-48},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The composition of the dressed carcasses of 54 mixed-breed ewes was predicted from their hot carcass weight (HCW), measurements C and GR, and carcass wall thickness taken on the left (GPL) and right (GPR) sides 13 cm from the mid-line between the 11th and 12th ribs with an electronic Hennessy grading probe. The right side of each carcass was dissected into fat, muscle and bone. Mean HCW was 25.4 kg, GR was 16.9 mm, C was 6.6 mm, GPL was 22.1 mm, GPR was 22.7 mm, dissectible fat was 32.4\%, muscle was 52.4\% and bone was 14.1\%. Of the variation in carcass fat \%, GPR accounted for 74\% and GR for 78\%. When combined with HCW, GPR accounted for 77\% and Gr for 80\%. This last value was not further increased by adding more variables. GPR accounted for 67\% of the variation in carcass muscle \% and GR for 68\% of this variation. When combined with HCW these values increased to 71\% and 73\% respectively and were not further increased by adding more variables. GPR and GR were also the best predictors of percentage bone.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Barton RA and Pratt RM and Rae AL}
}
@conference {39725,
	title = {The repeatability of ultrasonic fat-depth measurements made on sheep up to 18 months of age},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {41},
	year = {1981},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {133-139},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Purchas RW and Rae AL and Barton RA and Beach AD}
}
@conference {39565,
	title = {Group breeding schemes in sheep improvement in New Zealand},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {37},
	year = {1977},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {206-212},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Rae AL}
}
@conference {39566,
	title = {Investigations of carpet wool genes in sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {37},
	year = {1977},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {213-217},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Wickham GA and Rae AL}
}
@conference {39563,
	title = {Technical Aspects of the National Sheep Recording Scheme (Sheeplan)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {37},
	year = {1977},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {183-197},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Clarke JN and Rae AL}
}
@conference {39177,
	title = {Genetic problems in increasing sheep production},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1964},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {111-128},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Rae AL}
}
@conference {39163,
	title = {Variations in the iodine values of fats from fatty, muscular and bone tissues of the Romney sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {23},
	year = {1963},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {121-130},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Barton RA and Shorland FB and Rae AL}
}
@conference {39137,
	title = {Prospects in animal improvement through breeding},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {22},
	year = {1962},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {35-44},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Rae AL}
}
@conference {39071,
	title = {Genetics and Livestock Improvement (Presidential Address)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {18},
	year = {1958},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {5-20},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Rae AL}
}
@conference {39045,
	title = {Face Cover in Romney Sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1956},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {59-65},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Cockrem FR and Barton RA and Rae AL}
}
@conference {39032,
	title = {Some Aspects of the Inheritance of Fertility in Sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1955},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {103},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Rae AL and Ch{\textquoteright}ang TS}
}
@conference {38973,
	title = {A Comparison of Various Selection Plans in Sheep Breeding},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1952},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {58-59},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Rae AL}
}
@conference {38964,
	title = {The Importance of Genetic Correlations in Selection},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {11},
	year = {1951},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {104-106},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Rae AL}
}
@conference {38915,
	title = {Some Aspects of Progeny Testing in Sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {8},
	year = {1948},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {97-108},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Rae AL}
}
