@article {3672,
	title = {The effects of substituting autumn nitrogen fertiliser with gibberellic acid on feed supply and milk production},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2021},
	month = {01/2022},
	pages = {190-195},
	address = {Online},
	abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the use of gibberellic acid (GA) to improve feed supply and milk yield in late lactation. A grazing study at Lincoln used 36 lactating, mixed-age, Friesian-Jersey cross dairy cows balanced over three un-replicated treatments of perennial-ryegrass and white-clover pasture treated with nitrogen (N) fertiliser as urea (50 kg N/ha), GA as ProGibb{\textregistered} SG (8 g GA/ha) or untreated (Control). Treatments were applied in late March 2014 and grazed over 12 days in May. There was no effect of treatment on herbage pre-grazing pasture mass (2058{\textpm}6.9 kg DM/ha, P=0.20), clover (3.6{\textpm}0.86\%, P=0.53), ryegrass (88.0{\textpm}2.33\%, P=0.24) or crude protein (CP) content (17.8{\textpm}1.60\%, P=0.31). All milk yield components: 14.6{\textpm}0.40 L/day, 1.4{\textpm}0.09 kg MS/cow/day, 5.4{\textpm}0.33\% fat and 4.4{\textpm}0.21\% protein were similar among treatment groups (P=0.71, 0.14, 0.16 and 0.06, respectively). Although faecal-N content of cows on GA pasture (3.72\% N) was higher (P<0.001) than cows on N-fertilised pasture (3.45\% N) there was no treatment effect (P>0.05) on urinary-N content (0.4 {\textpm} 0.02\% N) or N excretion in milk (101{\textpm}4.4 g N/cow/d). The lack of response to GA or N fertiliser highlights the importance of timing of growth promotants for late lactation.

Keywords: perennial ryegrass; white clover; urea; growth promotants; dairy cow; milk production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Miller ME and Edwards GR and Hague H and Bryant RH}
}
@conference {78976,
	title = {Dry matter intake and nitrogen losses of pregnant, non-lactating dairy cows fed kale with a range of supplements in winter},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {8-13},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {<p>An outdoor winter-feeding study conducted over 14 days using 40 Friesian-Jersey cross dairy cows measured dry matter (DM) intake and nitrogen (N) excretion of cows fed kale with either barley straw (S), whole crop barley silage (WCBS) and Lotus pedunculatus silage (LS) fed with (LS+PEG) or without polyethylene glycol (LS-PEG). Treatment groups did not differ in DM utilisation of kale (80\%) or apparent intake of kale (11.6 kg DM/cow/d). Total daily intake of N was lowest for S, intermediate for WCBS and highest for LS+PEG and LS-PEG (280, 323, 350 and 352 g N/cow/d, respectively). Urinary N excretion was lower (P \&lt; 0.05) on kale diets supplemented with either S or WCBS (202 and 186 g N/cow/d respectively) compared with LS+PEG and LS-PEG (227 and 239 g N/cow/d respectively). Supplement treatment did not affect total faecal N excretion but faecal N\% was higher (P \&lt; 0.05) in LS treatment groups (3.05\% in LS+PEG and 3.28\% in LS-PEG), compared with WCBS (2.74\%) and S (2.43\%). This study indicates that the current commonly used feeding system of kale, supplemented with straw, is a feeding system that has a low urinary N excretion compared with alternatives.</p>
},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Miller ME and Bryant RH and Edwards GR}
}
@conference {78996,
	title = {Grazing behaviour of dairy cows on simple and diverse swards in summer and autumn},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {106-110},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {Increasing the proportion of dicotyledonous species such as herbs and legumes in dairy pastures may increase herbage dry matter intakes through ease of prehension. Simple swards consisting of either standard perennial ryegrass, high sugar ryegrass or tall fescue cultivars with white clover were established at the Lincoln University research dairy farm. Diverse swards were created by adding chicory and plantain to all mixtures, plus prairie grass and red clover to the perennial ryegrass, and praire grass and lucerne to the tall fescue. Grazing behaviour of cows during a two hour grazing session was monitored in summer and autumn. In summer, Diverse swards had a greater compressed sward surface height, lower mass and bulk density. Cows grazing Simple swards achieved a greater bite rate (49.3 vs 43.8 bites/min respectively (P < 0.05)). In autumn, all pasture swards had lower mass and contained a higher proportion of grass species than in summer. Bite rate was greater on Diverse compared with Simple swards (60.3 vs 54.3 bites/min respectively (P < 0.05)). Lower bite rate on Simple swards was compensated for by increasing grazing duration (P < 0.001). Sward type influenced bite rate adaptations.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Bryant RH and Miller ME and Edwards GR}
}
