@conference {79011,
	title = {Economic values for New Zealand dairy goats},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {166-168},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {A deterministic bio-economic farm model was developed to estimate economic values (EVs) for important milk production traits affecting profitability and to define a breeding objective for New Zealand dairy goats. Costs, revenue, metabolisable energy requirements for maintenance and activity, pregnancy, lactation and growth of replacements were included in the farm model. Three payment systems were investigated; Current scenario: Total milk-solids; Scenario 1: Ratio 1:2 for fat (F) and protein (P) and Scenario 2: ratio 2:1 for F and P. A price of $13.00 per kg milk solids (MS) was assumed to calculate daily revenue per milk-solid component. A penalty of $0.04 per litre of milk was applied in the last two scenarios. Assumed values of 3.7\%, 3.2\%, 4.4\% and 0.7\% for fat, protein, lactose and minerals, respectively, were used to estimate price per kg of F and P in Scenarios 1 and 2. For the Current scenario, the EVs for fat, protein, lactose and volume were $11.64, $12.27, $12.39 and -$0.10, while the estimations in Scenario 1 were $14.49, $31.09, -$0.76 and -$0.14, respectively and in Scenario 2 were $28.92, $14.37, -$0.76 and -$0.14, respectively. The EV for live weight was -$2.16 across scenarios. The EVs estimated can be used to establish breeding objectives for New Zealand dairy goats.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Solis-ramirez J and Lopez-Villalobos N and Blair HT}
}
@conference {75880,
	title = {Dairy goat production systems in Waikato, New Zealand},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {86-91},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Invercargill},
	abstract = {Thirteen dairy goat farmers from the Waikato region of New Zealand were surveyed to describe and quantify the main features of their production systems. Twelve herds were maintained indoors and one herd was under grazing conditions, the latter farm was excluded from further analyses. All farms supplied milk to the Dairy Goat Cooperative (NZ) Ltd which produces milk powder for export. A total of 11 breed groups were identified. Out of the total milking does, Saanen was 88\%, Toggenburg x Saanen 8\%, Toggenburg 2\% and others 2\%. The average herd comprised 20\% replacement kids, 17\% does between 7 to 12 months-of-age, 59\% does 1 to 10 years-old and 4\% bucks. Culling of milking does was due to low production (35\%), poor fertility (14\%), leg problems (6\%), mastitis (6\%) and other reasons (13\%), while 27\% died between 1 to 10 years-old. Daily milk yield {\textpm} standard deviation per doe and per hectare were 2.8 {\textpm} 0.2 and 34.0 {\textpm} 3.7 kg respectively; while milk-solids were 0.32 {\textpm} 0.02 kg/doe and 4.10 {\textpm} 0.43 kg/ha, respectively, over a standardised 270 day lactation. Expenses were mainly feed concentrates (21.5\%), dairy wages (20.3\%), overheads (14.0\%), family labour (14.5\%) and other expenses (21.5\%). The rates of return on investment were 10.2\% and 10.7\%, per milking doe and per hectare, respectively.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Solis-ramirez J and Lopez-Villalobos N and Blair HT}
}
