@conference {3672,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Ad libitum fodder-beet and pasture beef-finishing systems {\textendash} intake, utilisation, grazing behaviour and liveweight gains},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {87-89},
	address = {Adelaide},
	abstract = {Traditionally, New Zealand (NZ) beef-production
systems rely almost solely on pasture production. However,
the seasonality of pasture growth, which affects quality
and quantity, impacts the productivity of the system, with
mean slaughter age of 26-36 months. In accelerated beeffinishing
systems internationally, cereal grains are used to
maintain energy intakes across the production cycle, at a
lower cost than is possible in NZ. A recent NZ development
in beef-production systems involves ad libitum intakes of
fodder beet (FB; Beta vulgaris) with minimal supplement
for 130 d from weaning to spring, and then 90 d of grazing
on grass-based pasture before slaughter. This system,
developed by Gibbs at Lincoln University, allows finishing
of spring born animals at 12-18 months of age (Gibbs et
al. 2015; Gibbs \& Saldias 2014a). Ad libitum intakes
after appropriate transition to FB are critical to system
profitability, and prevention of rumen acidosis (Gibbs
\& Saldias 2014b). However, previous NZ crop-feeding
experience with brassicas suggests that increased intakes
require reduced utilisation of feed (Rugoho 2013). There
is no published information on FB utilisation in ad-libitum
systems, where high pasture residuals at 24 h post-allocation
are used to ensure maximal intakes. Therefore, this study
was designed to determine utilisation, grazing behaviour
and intake patterns, and liveweight (LWT) gains, in steers
grazing FB and then spring perennial ryegrass (Lolium
perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) based pasture.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Saldias B and Gibbs SJ}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {The incidence of liver abscessation in slaughtered beef bulls in the South Island of New Zealand},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {114-118},
	address = {Adelaide},
	abstract = {There has been anecdotal evidence of increasing liver abscessation on bull-beef farms across New Zealand from meat processors
for more than a decade, but to date, no quantitative data has been published in the field. This study objective was to establish the
incidence of liver abscessation in pasture- based beef bulls, the seasonality and breed differences, the impact on carcass weight,
and to compare this with published data from feedlot cattle internationally. The study used a database of 137675 bulls slaughtered
in the South Island between 2000-2005. The database included breed, farm location, carcass weight, liver abscess presence and
abscess grading score (absent, mild, moderate, severe). The annual incidence of liver abscessation calculated was a mean of 9.5\%.
This recorded value is greater than other observed incidences from pasture-based systems and reduced compared with those observed
in non-medicated feedlot systems internationally. There were significant variations in all measured parameters across years,
and a clear and significant seasonal variation was observed. Incidence of liver abscessation peaked across November- December
(11.3 and 11\% respectively) and then declined as the slaughter season progressed. The typical NZ beef industry approach to rearing
bulls for slaughter makes it likely that age at slaughter is a key influence on the seasonal incidence rate, with most cattle born in
spring and slaughtered after 18 months, suggesting the late spring and summer peak in incidence is due to bulls older than two
years. The percentages of abscesses graded were: severe (66.4\%), moderate (12.8\%), and mild (20.7\%). Friesian and dairy crossbreed
bulls had an incidence approximately twofold greater than that females beef breeds (10.3\% and 4.7\% respectively). There
was a significant difference in the mean carcass weights of bulls graded, with those moderate with abscessation having a mean
heavier carcass weight than those graded severe, minor and no abscess.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Trotter CG and Gibbs SJ}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {A comparison of microbial protein synthesis in beef steers fed ad libitum winter ryegrass or fodder beet},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {251-256},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { Microbial protein synthesis of steers (liveweight 286{\textpm}9 kg) was compared with diets of ad libitum winter grass and fodder beet
with 1 kg DM of lucerne silage. The experimental design was a four-by-two treatment comparison (experiment 1 and 2), using
11 day individual pen trials with total faecal and urinary collection. The trials assessed in vivo digestibility of diets, and diurnal
variations in rumen parameters (pH volatile fatty acid, ammonia and urea concentrations) and urine and faeces production and
N excretion. Microbial protein production was estimated from purine derivatives determined from total urine collection. Dry
matter digestibility, voluntary dry matter intake and microbial protein supply to the steers, and the mean diurnal rumen pH, were
higher in the steers fed the fodder-beet treatment than in those fed the winter-grass treatment. Fodder beet supplied almost twice
as much microbial protein as winter grass despite a lower crude protein concentration of the diet. Total rumen VFA and ammonia
concentrations were lower for the fodder-beet treatment than for winter grass but the rumen urea concentration was higher in
the fodder-beet treatment. The observed high microbial protein supply with the fodder beet diets is likely the result of ruminal
and extra-ruminal adaptations to greater nitrogen recycling in low dry matter diets of high energy density and low crude protein
concentrations.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Prendergast SL and Gibbs SJ}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Diurnal pattern of rumen environment and rumen fill in lactating grazing dairy cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {136-139},
	address = {Dunedin},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Saldias B and Gibbs SJ}
}
@conference {79000,
	title = {A comparison of milk fat composition between pasture based cows supplemented with either canola meal or wheat},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {123-128},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {Increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of milk has been the focus of much recent research. Milk from pasture based cows has been reported to have a high content of PUFA, which can be further manipulated with the addition of supplements differing in fatty acid composition. This experiment used 980 Holstein-Friesian and Jersey crossbred cows in a split treatment design to determine the effect of canola pulp or wheat supplementation on milk fatty acid composition and milk solid production in a typical large pasture based herd. Principle component analysis was used to determine the most influential factors of change in milk composition. Milk solid production did not differ significantly between treatments (P > 0.05), C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0 were very significantly (P < 0.001) decreased by the canola pulp treatment. C18:0 anteiso and conjugated linoleic acid were not significantly affected by treatment. C18:1 c9 and C18:1 t9 were very significantly increased (P < 0.001). C18:1 t11 was significantly increased in the canola pulp treatment (P < 0.03). These results show that canola pulp is a potentially valuable supplement for use in grazing based systems. The equivalent response to supplementation compared to wheat would recommend its use if cost on an ME basis was competitive.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Williams DJ and Gibbs SJ}
}
@conference {75927,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Liveweight gain of grazing dairy calves in their first season subjected to a targeted selective anthelmintic treatment (TST) regime},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {301-303},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Invercargill},
	abstract = {For some time now it has been recognised that suppressive anthelmintic regimes select strongly for resistance (Jackson \& Miller, 2006). However, despite widespread anthelmintic resistance on beef properties in New Zealand (Waghorn et al., 2006), little attention has been paid to the sustainability of anthelmintic practices in... Continued},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McAnulty RW and Gibbs SJ and Greer AW}
}
@conference {75862,
	title = {The effect of three techniques of rumen pH assessment on measured pH of rumen fluid and digesta in an in vitro artificial rumen system},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {9-12},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Invercargill},
	abstract = {Rumen pH assessment by three techniques was compared using an in vitro, artificial rumen system. Rumen digesta from dairy cows fed kale, fodder beet or ryegrass and clover pasture was used in an in vitro artificial rumen system. The digesta pH was measured by obtaining rumen fluid by centesis, by direct probe insertion, and by removal and filtration of fluid through cloth. This was done at different time intervals and at different heights from the base of the artificial rumen. There were significant differences in mean diet group pH. There was a significant difference between mean pH of all three techniques at the first time interval, and similarly between centesis and both the other techniques at the second and third time intervals. There was no significant difference between collection site height at any time interval. For dairy cows fed these forage diets, the technique of pH assessment of in vitro rumen digesta significantly influenced the pH measured, with centesis associated with higher mean pH than direct probe assessment. Given the importance of accurate rumen pH assessment, and the implications of differences between rumen fluid and rumen digesta pH in forage based ruminants, further research using the methodology with in vivo models is warranted.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Broomfield AM and Gibbs SJ}
}
@conference {69020,
	title = {Amino acid flow at the abomasum in twin-suckling ewes at pasture and the effect of a fishmeal supplement},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {233-237},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {Fourteen twin-suckling ewes with rumen and abomasal cannulae grazed a ryegrass/clover sward (C; n = 7) or the same sward but with a 500 g/h/d protein supplement (S; n = 7). The trial was designed as a cross-over with two 14 day adaptation periods followed by two five day sampling periods (Days 43-48 and 63-68 after lambing). All ewes were treated with anthelmintic 14 days after lambing. Flow of amino acids (AA) at the abomasum and dry matter (DM) intake were measuredduring both periods using intra-ruminally infused markers. Diurnal variation in AA flow peaked between 12:00 and 15:00 h and was greatest in the supplemented ewes. Flows of AA were increased by supplementation; Essential AA, +16 \%; 128 to 148 g/d, Sulphur-AA, +21.2 \%; 3.3 to 4.0 g/d, Branched-chain AA, +15.9\%, 47.8 to 55.4 g/d. There was evidence for a lower faecal egg count in supplemented animals, being 670 vs 46 epg, respectively, in C and S groups, (P = 0.08) 21 days after anthelmintic treatment. This work provides information on the extent of enhancement of the supply of amino acids associated with ability to limit the peri-parturient increase in faecal egg count and provides a basis for the development of supplements.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Madibela OR and Gibbs SJ and Sykes AR and Laporte-Uribe J and Zhao J}
}
@conference {69022,
	title = {Differential passage of rumen bacterial populations to the abomasum in sheep : Brief Communication},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {242-243},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {Ruminant microflora and fauna enable the degradation of otherwise poorly digestible feeds and are a principal source of metabolisable protein (Faichney, 1996). Rumen outflow, which is dependent on many factors including the physical characteristics of the diet and the level of feed intake, carries both nutrients and microorganisms to the abomasum. The proportional contribution of the various sub-populations of microorganisms to the total pool of abomasal protein is still poorly defined (Dewhurst et al., 2000). It is therefore possible that differences in motility or microhabitat between subpopulations may generate differential retention of certain groups.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Laporte-Uribe J and Gibbs SJ}
}
@conference {60940,
	title = {Factors associated with frequency of lameness in dairy cattle managed in pasture based systems with the addition of supplementary feeds : Brief Communication},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {51-53},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {Lameness is one of the main welfare problems of New Zealand dairy herds (Chesterton et al., 2008) and contributes directly to cow culling, treatment costs, production losses and reduced economic efficiency (Kossaibati \& Esslemont, 1997). The incidence of lameness can be high, affecting as many as 60\% (Vermunt, 2004) of cows annually, but can vary from between 5 and 55\% (Clarkson et al., 1996) according to differing observation techniques and... Continued},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Diaz-Lira CM and Margerison JK and Lopez-Villalobos N and Gibbs SJ}
}
@conference {60973,
	title = {Real time in situ measurement of rumen methane concentration in the rumen of cattle : Brief Communication},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {184-187},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {Methane dominates agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in New Zealand (Leslie et al., 2008). Research efforts in New Zealand to date have been directed toward prediction of emissions, most often using the rumen gas marker sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) (Lassey et al., 1997) to predict methane emissions in grazing livestock. However, the errors associated with this method necessitate the use of multiple day sampling programmes and large numbers of individuals to overcome... Continued },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Laporte-Uribe J and Gibbs SJ}
}
