@conference {3672,
	title = {The welfare of bobby calves sent for slaughter: a synopsis of the science literature within the context of New Zealand{\textquoteright}s export system and the problems and gaps in it},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2017},
	month = {06/2017},
	pages = {149-153},
	address = {Rotorua},
	abstract = {Most neonatal animals are healthy and vigorous but vulnerable, particularly during the first week of life, to hypothermia and starvation, infections and injuries, and predation. Information collated from the scientific literature and routine ante-mortem in-spections indicates that the main factors predisposing bobby calves to death or condemnation are inadequate colostrum/feeding, and immaturity. Correct feeding regimes and transport protocols can minimise welfare compromises to healthy calves and most presented for slaughter were found to be strong, alert and well fed. However, small numbers of immature, weak, sick and injured calves were also presented. Dead or moribund calves had digestive tract disorders, umbilical infections or were undiagnosed. No curd in the rumen and immaturity were common secondary findings. What is less understood is the degree of hunger bobby calves may experience; the interaction between age/maturity, husbandry, feeding practices, transport and lairage; the limits of feed depri-vation in {\textquoteleft}marginal{\textquoteright} calves; compromises to welfare amongst those animals which do not die or are condemned prior to slaughter; and the impacts of any procurement and processing requirements for periods in lairage. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fisher MW and Wild RJ and O{\textquoteright}Grady KR and Guigou MJ and Diesch TJ and Jamieson JV and Ward LJ and Cross NJ}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {A snapshot of New Zealand farmers{\textquoteright} awareness of, and self-reported compliance with, animal welfare requirements},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {200-204},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { A 2012 telephone survey of 1565 farmers from across pastoral, pig and poultry livestock sectors aimed to benchmark farmer
awareness of and self-reported compliance with the Animal Welfare Act 1999 and codes of welfare, and to explore the factors
that drive or hinder that compliance. Eighty-two percent of respondents assessed their knowledge of statutory animal-welfare
requirements as above average or excellent. However, of the five physical, health and behavioural needs of animals on which the
legislation is based, only proper and sufficient food and water and adequate shelter were identified by more than half of respondents
(77\% and 54\%, respectively). Once informed of the needs, 63\% considered it not difficult to provide for all five. The majority of
respondents reported levels of compliance with statutory animal-welfare requirements above 85\% and knew of relevant examples
of minimum standards from a code of welfare. The main barriers to providing for the needs of animals were identified as seasonal
weather conditions [pastoral enterprises] and lack of money or resources [within the pork and poultry sectors]. In conclusion,
while identification of statutory animal-welfare requirements was not high, farmers do understand the concepts that underpin the
legislation.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Williams VM and Pearson AB and Jeffrey GB and Mackenzie RW and Ward LJ and Fisher MW}
}
