@article {3672,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Urinary nitrogen excretion and water balance of dairy heifers fed cut plantain or perennial-ryegrass pastures},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07/2019},
	pages = {171-173},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Loline, an alkaloid produced by Neotyphodium endophytes in pastoral grass species with potential antimicrobial properties, has several known derivatives; N-formyl loline (NFL), N-acetyl loline (NAL), N-acetyl norloline (NANL), N-methyl loline (NML), and loline base, though the availability and form during rumen fermentation and digestion is unclear. Festuca pratensis seeds either with (LOL) or without (NIL) lolines (150-200 {\textmu}g/mL) were incubated in either sterile or viable rumen fluid or in either HCL/pepsin (pH 2) or water (pH 7). At 72 hours LOL in sterile rumen fluid had 23\%, 26\%, and 45\% more NFL (P=0.05), NANL (P=0.04), and loline base (P=0.01) respectively, with 27\% more total loline present (P=0.06), and 65\% more NML (P=0.09) compared with LOL in viable rumen fluid. Loline tended to alter the fermentation pattern as NIL produced 11\% more ammonia (P=0.07), and 5\% less propionate (P=0.06) than LOL. In HCL/pepsin there were 38\%, 49\%, and 39\% more total lolines (P=0.05), NANL (P=0.02), and NFL (P=0.04) respectively, compared with water. Rumen and abomasal digestion appear to have a small effect on loline{\textquoteright}s form and concentration with only slight alteration to the rumen fermentation pattern. Presence of lolines had little evidence of an antimicrobial effect.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Al-marashdeh O and Judson HG and Schetelat S and Pawsey A and Edwards GR}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Sustained diuretic effect of plantain when ingested by sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {14-17},
	address = {Adelaide},
	abstract = {Narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) was investigated for its potential to act as a diuretic in sheep. For seven days,
two groups of sheep (n = 8) were provided with either ryegrass or plantain diets that had similar water content. Dry matter in feed,
fresh faecal weight, and faecal water content was measured daily, as well as volume, specific gravity and osmolality of urine. Urine
volumes on Day 1 of the trial were significantly different to those of Days 2-6 of the trial (P < 0.05) so the results were analysed
separately. Plantain sheep had a higher volume of urine (by 1.7 L, P < 0.05) on Day 1 than Ryegrass sheep and continued to produce
about 0.5 L more urine each day than Ryegrass sheep for the remainder of the study period. Because intakes of feed and feed
water content for the two diets were essentially equal, this study provides the first direct evidence to show that plantain causes a
diuresis when it is ingested by sheep, possibly by reducing reabsorption of water in the kidneys.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Connell CA and Judson HG and Barrell GK}
}
@conference {75906,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: The effects of different forage types on lamb performance and meat quality},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {208-210},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Invercargill},
	abstract = {<p>Meat quality is made up of a number of traits, with colour at the point of purchase, being perceived as the main indicator of freshness. The traits of aroma, flavour, succulence, and texture influence the eating experience and the probability of repurchase. A number of factors influence meat quality traits, including environmental factors such as... Continued.</p>
},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Campbell AW and Maclennan G and Judson HG and Lindsay S and Behrent MR and Mackie A and Kerslake JI}
}
@conference {75876,
	title = {The incidence of goitre in newborn lambs from ewes fed fodder radish, rape or Italian ryegrass with or without iodine supplementation},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {66-70},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Invercargill},
	abstract = {Brassicas are an important forage species on many New Zealand sheep farms. However, glucosinolates present in some brassicas can cause iodine deficiency in lambs when pregnant ewes are fed such crops during gestation. To investigate the effect of differences in glucosinolate profile of fodder radish and a brassica on ewe thyroid function and incidence of goitre in lambs born to ewes grazing these crops during pregnancy, a 3 x 2 factorial study utilising three diets (Italian ryegrass, fodder radish, rape) and two rates of iodine (I) supplementation (with, without) was conducted. Thyroid hormone (T3, T4) response to a thyroid releasing factor (TRF) challenge in ewes and incidence of goitre in newborn lambs was determined. A mild goitre, based on thyroid weight:lamb weight ratio (g/kg) of >0.4, was recorded only in newborn lambs from ewes fed rape and the incidence was higher (75\% vs 11\%) in those without I supplementation. Pregnant ewes grazing radish or rape had the lowest T3 and T4 responses to TRF, except in the case of T4 where there had been I supplementation. Differences in glucosinolate content and composition may explain the differing results for sheep fed radish or rape.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Judson HG and Barrell GK}
}
@conference {41445,
	title = {The effect of hybridisation on venison production},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2003},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {222-228},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Queenstown},
	abstract = {Elk x red deer {\textquoteleft}hybrids{\textquoteleft} or technically, crossbreds make a major contribution to New Zealand venison production. Probably over half of the venison produced from young animals (< 2 yrs of age) contains some proportion of elk genes. Elk, and the numerically more significant {\textquoteleft}hybrid{\textquoteright} (50-88\% elk), stags are used as terminal sires over red deer hinds to produce faster growing progeny. The main benefit of the faster liveweight gain is that a high proportion of hybrids reach slaughter live weight (100 kg+) at around 1 year of age to capture current market premiums. Due to the lesser sexual dimorphism of elk than red deer, hybrid females show a greater increase in liveweight gain and weight-for-age over their red deer counterparts than do males. Most of the advantage in yearling weight of hybrids has accrued by weaning and is, thus, captured by the breeder. The absolute and proportional increase in liveweight of hybrids is greater when live weight gain is high (in autumn and spring and under generous feeding levels) and production systems utilising hybrids must recognise this. The metabolisable energy (ME) requirement for maintenance per unit metabolic weight seems to be higher (20\%) for young hybrids than for red deer, although in contrast, the ME cost of liveweight gain may be slightly lower. Small differences in body composition also exist. However, neither of these necessitates major modification to venison production systems. The widespread use of {\textquoteleft}hybrid{\textquoteleft} stags in the New Zealand deer industry has increased the biological efficiency and economic returns to venison production, although increased liveweight gain and weight-for-age must be offset against a somewhat lower reproductive rate in red deer hinds joined with elk or hybrid stags. Hybridisation has also increased the demand for red deer replacement hinds and raised doubts about the wisdom of retaining hybrid hinds as breeding females. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Nicol AM and Judson HG and Taylor AW}
}
@conference {41341,
	title = {Liveweight gain of lambs grazing {\textquoteright}Ceres Tonic{\textquoteright} plantain (Plantago lanceolata) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {171-173},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {The pasture herb plantain has been successfully adapted to pastoral agriculture and, while it is readily accepted by livestock, there is little information on corresponding animal performance of regularly grazed leafy plantain forage. Liveweight gain and trace element status of lambs grazing pure plantain (Plantago lanceolata) swards and high endophyte perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) pastures was evaluated for 85 days during summer (December - March) under irrigated conditions. Liveweight gain was significantly (P<0.01) higher for lambs grazing plantain (222 g/head /day) than ryegrass swards (135 g/head/day) when both were offered at an allowance of 2.5kg DM/head/day. Despite a lower stocking rate on plantain swards, lamb liveweight gain expressed on a per-hectare basis tended to be greater for the plantain treatment (6.0 kg/ha/day) than for the ryegrass treatment (5.1 kg /ha/day) although this did not reach statistical significance. Lambs grazing pure plantain swards had significantly (P<0.01) higher liver copper (2250 vs 715 ({\textmu}mol/ kg fresh wt) and higher liver selenium (671 vs 380 (nmol/kg fresh wt) concentrations but similar vitamin B12  (620 vs 571 nmol/kg fresh wt) concentration compared with ryegrass-fed lambs. These results indicate that well managed plantain is able to support relatively high rates of liveweight gain in lambs through summer and elevate liver copper and selenium concentrations and, therefore, could make a significant contribution to pastures in lamb finishing systems.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Moorehead AJE and Judson HG and Stewart AV}
}
@conference {40909,
	title = {Effect of feeding level on the seasonal liveweight gain of young red deer (Cervus cervus) and red/elk hybrid stags},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {139-143},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Elk (Cervus elaphus ssp.) are becoming increasingly popular as a terminal sire for crossing with New Zealand red deer (Cervus elaphus). Hybrid offspring are significantly heavier at weaning and have a faster post-weaning liveweight gain. However no formal comparisons of liveweight gain responses of red deer and hybrids to pasture allowance have been made. The aim of this work was to compare the growth rate of young red deer and red/elk hybrid stags over a range of nutritional levels during 3 seasons. Single species groups (10-12) of red deer and hybrid weaner stags were offered one of four pasture allowances under rotational grazing for a period of 9 weeks in the winter (June-July), spring (October-December) and summer (February-March). Stags were weighed and given a new allocation of pasture weekly. Pasture allowance ranged from 0.08 to 0.51 kg DM/W0.75/day and pre-grazing pasture mass from 800 to 4500kg DM/ha.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Judson HG and Nicol A}
}
@conference {40522,
	title = {Liveweight and body condition change through pregnancy as a predictor of ewe litter size},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {339-342},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Data from 95 lamb carcasses (2 data sets) and 90 bull carcasses were used to examine relationships between objective measures of carcass muscling and subjective scores of muscularity or conformation. Objective indexes calculated for lamb carcasses included muscle to bone ratios (M:B), muscularity indexes (MUSC) for both the leg and the whole side, the ratio of eye muscle depth to width (B:A), weight-adjusted eye muscle area and carcass weight per unit length. Similar variables were calculated for beef carcasses except that the weights of three commercial leg cuts were used in place of dissected muscle weights. Leg MUSC had the closest relationships with subjective scores of muscularity or conformation (R2\% = 69 to 80\% for lambs and 56\% for bulls), with leg M:B being only slightly inferior (R2\% = 62\% for lambs and 652\% for bulls).  Side MUSC or M:B were the next best as predictors, but variables based on the eye muscle were poor. Carcass weight per unit length showed close relationships with subjective scores in some cases but its usefulness is limited by the fact that it can be influenced by fatness and is breed related. These results support the contention that measures of M:B may not always reflect muscularity scores because they are based on weights rather than depths and lengths. It is concluded that the objective measures of MUSC used here reflect subjective scores satisfactorily, given that subjective scores have limitations with respect to repeatability. MUSC based on the femur and the muscles or cuts surrounding it, in particular, may constitute a useful objective standard for use in the industry.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Judson HG and Nicol AM}
}
