@article {3672,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: A case study of the effects of diet and winter management on dairy production, profit and nitrate leaching in Rotorua},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07/2019},
	pages = {71-73},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Feed and winter management options were modelled for a dairy farm and its adjoining support land in the Lake Rotorua catchment. The dairy farm grew turnips, fodder beet and oats, with non-lactating cows grazing on the dry-stock unit on pasture, kale and fodder beet. Scenarios investigated were: removing crops from the dairy farm whilst either A) reducing stocking rates by 5\%; B) feeding additional palm kernel expeller (PKE); C) replacing crops, PKE and pasture silage with purchased maize grain and maize silage; or D) grazing non-lactating cows on the dairy farm and reducing stocking rates by 17\%. Using a milk price of $6.00/kg MS, D was the only scenario that increased profitability of the dairy farm (7\%). Compared to the base scenario, nitrate leaching on the dairy farm increased for scenario D and decreased for scenarios A, B and C. When including the dry-stock unit, total N leaching was reduced by 5, 0, 13 and 15\%, for A, B, C and D, respectively, compared to the base farm. These results reiterate the importance of investigating the impact of off-farm winter grazing in nitrogen-sensitive catchments.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Burggraaf VT and Rennie GR and Edwards P and Pinxterhuis I}
}
@article {3672,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Conventional or Albrecht-Kinsey fertiliser approach in a commercial-scale dairy farm systems comparison},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07/2019},
	pages = {100-102},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Long-standing questions around application of nutrients other than N, P and K (such as Mg and Ca), to meet either plant or soil requirements have been tested for the first time at a commercial dairy-farm-scale. Two dairy farms with similar soil type and soil management history were used to compare physical and financial productivity when the fertiliser regime followed either a conventional plant requirement approach (CON) or an Albrecht-Kinsey soil requirement approach (A-K).  A longitudinal study commencing in 2012/13 included measurements of pasture and animal production, fertility and quality, and animal health.  After six years there are no apparent impacts of fertiliser regime on milk yield or pasture growth, although less N fertiliser was applied on the A-K farm and this farm grew more clover. Though not statistically significant, there were more in-calf cows and fewer metabolic problems pre- and post- calving in the A-K farm system compared with the CON system. Setting up and maintaining the soils at target parameters cost more (+$532/ha fertiliser costs in the first year; +$197 in the last two years), but animal health costs were on average $56/ha/yr lower.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Bryant RH and Zwart T and Greer G and Casey J and Solly K and Pinxterhuis I and Horrocks A and Gillespie R and Pellow R}
}
