@conference {69466,
	title = {Effect of growth hormone on the mammary transcriptome profile during established lactation in the dairy cow},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {39-42},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Gene expression profiling studies have provided insights into the potential mechanisms involved in a range of physiological processes in the ruminant mammary gland. However, despite the well established galactopoietic effect of growth hormone (GH) in lactating ruminants (Bauman, 1999; Akers, 2006), the molecular mechanism(s) that mediate the effects of GH on milk production are not fully understood.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McCoard SA and Hayashi AA and Pacheco D and Sciascia Q and Nones K and Rounce JR and Sinclair BR and McNabb WC and Roy NC}
}
@conference {41027,
	title = {Effect of zinc oxide treatment for facial eczema on the copper status of Romney sheep grazing ryegrass pastures},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {199-201},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The copper (Cu) status of grazing Romney sheep was monitored following treatment with zinc oxide (ZnO). In a series of experiments sheep of various ages were treated with ZnO as either an oral drench weekly for one year, or as an intraruminal controlled release bolus (Time CapsuleTM , AgResearch) once (on day 0) or twice (on day 0 and 40), in two consecutive years. Measurements of Cu status included Cu concentrations in liver, kidney and muscle in all animals, and liver metallothionein (MT) in sheep dosed with ZnO orally. Drenching of two-year old wethers with 12 g ZnO/week for 52 weeks did not significantly change Cu liver concentration compared to untreated control animals (mean {\textpm} SD, 1.93 {\textpm} 0.88 and 1.67 {\textpm} 0.87mmol cu/kg FW, respectively). However, administering a single 42-day intraruminal ZnO bolus to six-month old lambs resulted in decreased liver Cu concentrations after 40 days (0.96 {\textpm} 0.06 compared to 1.33 {\textpm} 0.07 mmol Cu/kg FW in controls; P<0.001). When lambs which were growing at 100g/day were treated with a second ZnO bolus and evaluated after an additional 40 days, Cu liver concentrations were reduced by a further 20\% but this change was not statistically significant (P=0.07). The variable effects of different forms of Zn treatment on liver Cu concentration are discussed in terms of duration of the dose, age of the animals, DM intake, initial Cu pool size in the liver, and Cu/Zn-binding MT. Under most conditions the benefits of ZnO as an effective facial eczema control are likely to outweigh any short term reduction in liver Cu. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Rounce JR and Knowles SO and Grace ND and Lee J}
}
@conference {41026,
	title = {Variation in copper metabolism between two flocks of Romney sheep in response to increasing dietary intake of copper},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {195-198},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Differences in the Cu status of two flocks of Romney lambs were observed which suggest that lines of sheep having distinct Cu metabolism have been identified. As part of a larger study relating Cu intake to Cu status of grazing lambs, changes in concentrations of Cu in liver, plasma and other tissues, and in erythrocyte Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) were monitored for 176 days in two flocks of 50 sheep. The animals grazed on ten experimental paddocks treated with 0, 0.4 or 4 kg Cu/ha which resulted in mean pasture herbage Cu concentrations of 8 (Control), 13 (Low), and 41 (High) mg Cu/kg DM. At the start of the experiment these lambs, sourced from two Wairoa farms, had markedly different liver Cu reserves (1270 v 190 mmol Cu/kg FW, flocks H and L respectively) which could not be attributed to Cu supplementation. This difference between flocks was maintained throughout the 176 day study for sheep grazed on control pastures, through day 99 for sheep on the low pastures, and for 51 days in sheep on the high paddocks. High copper intakes increased liver Cu concentrations to as much as 4800 mmol (300 mg) Cu/kg liver FW after 99 days, with no signs of chronic Cu toxicity. Initial flock differences in liver Mo concentration (14.7 v 20.6 mmol Mo/kg FW, n=10, P<0.05) disappeared by day 51. The first measured SOD activity (day 51) in flock H was 17\% greater than that of flock L (1600 v 1370 U/g Hb, n=21, P<0.01) and this flock difference was maintained through day 142 and day 99 for sheep grazing control and low pastures, respectively. SOD activity was found to be a reasonable predictor of liver Cu stores only in sheep having low to moderate Cu intake. Had the differences in initial liver Cu concentration and in blood Cu/Zn SOD activity of the two flocks been merely a reflection of the Cu and Mo status of their respective Wairoa farms, the disparity would have been expected to diminish much more quickly than was observed in this study. Factors controlling Cu metabolism are heritable. Trials selecting for differences between flocks in liver Cu concentration are needed to establish whether these flocks are genetically distinct in the way they metabolise Cu. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Knowles SO and Rounce JR and Grace ND and Lee J}
}
@conference {40908,
	title = {Accumulation of cadmium in kidney and liver tissue in the suckling Romney lamb from parturition to early weaning.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {137-138},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {In earlier work we investigated the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in the developing foetus and compared the movement of Cd with that of zinc (Zn) into the liver and kidney. Concentrations of Cd in foetal tissue were ex-tremely low, although there was a small flux across the placenta at about 100d of development concomitant with that for Zn. There was no relationship of foetal Cd with the Cd status of the mother. It was only after parturition that Cd concentrations in liver and kidney started to increase (Rounce et al.,1995). We also showed that the rate of Cd accumulation in weaned animals was greatest at an early age when growth rates were also at or near their peak (Lee et al.,1996). The aim of this study was to define Cd accumulation in tissues of Romney neonates, as affected by relative Cd concentrations in pasture and milk from partu-rition to weaning.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Rounce JR and Grace ND and Lee JL}
}
@conference {40703,
	title = {Metabolic changes of cadmium and zinc in kidney and liver tissue during foetal development in Romney and Merino sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {176-178},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Diseases affecting mucosal surfaces, especially gastrointestinal  disorders, cause high mortality rates in young domestic livestock.   Hyperimmune milk products, using milk secretions from ruminants  immunised systemically with enteric pathogens, have been shown to confer  passive immunity against such disorders but the results are variable. To  study the type and titre of immunoglobulin (Ig) classes produced in milk  secretions after immunisation with gut pathogens, we have developed  ELISAs for the estimation of ovine IgG and IgA antibodies directed against  E. coli. Utilising an indirect ELISAs technique, the method involved  coating antigen onto microtitre plates then sequential addition of test sample  dilutions (containing primary antibody), anti-class-specific antibody and anti-  species horse radish peroxidase labelled antibody. Colorimetric end point  detection employed 3, 3},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Rounce JR and Lee J and Treloar BP and Grace ND and Sinclair BR}
}
@conference {40704,
	title = {Response of trace element concentrations in plasma of sheep to chronic infusion of a recombinant variant of IGF-1},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {179-182},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Bio-ijmpedance (BI) is the opposition of biological tissues to the flow  of an alternating low electrical current. Tissue BI is quantitatively inversely  related with tissue hydrational status.   Several reproductive events of importance in the management of the cow are  characterised by changes in fluid content and electrolyte concentration of the  genital tissues; these changes can be detected and quantified by genital tissue  BI monitoring.   The objective of this presentation is to review existing and potential  applications of monitoring genital tissue BI in cows as aids to cattle  reproductive management.   The main application is genital BI monitoring to determine the optimal  insemination time. It is based on the fact that intravaginal and vulvar tissue  BI decline ca 10-30\% during the peri-ovulatory stage of the ovarian  cycle. Genital BI measurements can also be used to detect pending calving  as well as post partum reproductive disorders: vulvar BI, measured  with chronically implanted electrodes, declines ca 15 d before, and  remains low until calving. During ca 40d post-calving, vulvar BI  increases gradually and stabilises at about the time of resumption of ovarian  luteal cyclicity.   Intravaginal BI during the first 4-6 weeks post-calving is significantly lower  in cows with reproductive disorders than in },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Lee J and Rounce JR and Hocking-Edwards JE and Harris PM}
}
@conference {40556,
	title = {Cadmium accumulation in liver and kidney of sheep grazing ryegrass/white clover pastures},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {31-34},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Pastures growing on soils fertilised with phosphatic fertilisers 
accumulate cadmium (Cd) in their plant tops in proportion to substrate 
concentrations.  Sheep grazing pastures absorb some of this Cd.  To quantify 
the rate with which Cd is accumulated in sheep tissue, three replicated 0.4 
ha blocks were fertilised with either 333 kg/ha of single superphosphate only 
(control) or amended with CdSO4 to give 274g Cd/ha (high-Cd), and set stocked 
with 10, three months old Romney wether lambs.  Cadmium (Cd) concentrations were  
determined in liver, kidney, proximal duodenal and skeletal muscle tissue of  
sheep, ingesting either (means {\textpm} s.e.) 266{\textpm}22 (control) or 746{\textpm}58 (high-Cd) ug  
CD/day from three to six months or 290{\textpm}21 and 721{\textpm}72 ug Cd/day over six to  
eighteen months.  Cadmium concentrations in kidney and liver tissue increased  
markedly over the first three months: 0.042{\textpm}0.006 to 0.32{\textpm}0.03 (Control) and  
0.57{\textpm}0.04 (high-Cd) ug Cd/g fresh tissue, and 0.04{\textpm}0.006 to 0.12{\textpm}0.02  
(Control) and 0.31{\textpm}0.06 (high-Cd) ug Cd/g fresh tissue, for kidney and liver  
respectively.  Although total Cd content continued to increase, as organ size  
increased, over the next 12 months daily accumulation rates in both tissues  
were much lower compared with those over the first three months.  For  
example, daily Cd accumulation in kidney decreased from 0.25{\textpm}0.002 to  
0.06{\textpm}0.01 and 0.47{\textpm}0.04 to 0.32{\textpm}0.05 (ugCd/d) for sheep from the control and  
high-Cd pastures respectively.  Total Cd content in kidney and liver combined  
accounted for approximately 0.25\% of total Cd ingested by sheep age three to  
six months but this significantly decreased to 0.1\% in sheep age six to 
eighteen months. 
 
At higher Cd intakes increased metallothionein protein synthesis in kidney and  
liver tissue enabled animals to be more efficient in sequestering Cd.  This  
resulted in reduced accumulation of Cd in muscle tissue of sheep on the high- 
Cd pastures (2.0{\textpm}0.04 and 5.0{\textpm}0.08 ng Cd/g) compared with those grazing the  
control pasture (4.0{\textpm}0.6 and 14{\textpm}5 ng Cd/g) in animals from the first and  
second periods respectively. 
 
The results from this study show that it is the first few months after weaning  
that fastest uptake into kidney occurs and therefore strategies to reduce Cd  
absorption and subsequent accumulation, e.g. by increasing zinc in the diet,  
should focus on young animals. 
 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Lee J and Grace ND and Rounce JR}
}
@conference {40501,
	title = {Intake and excretion of cadmium in sheep fed fresh herbage},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {251-254},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {In two trials, ewes (n=16 per group) that were potential recipients for embryo transfer grazed on a high oestrogenic red clover (Pawera), a newly developed low oestrogenic red clover (G27) and Ryegrass-White clover (Control) pastures. The ewes grazed the respective pastures during 12 days of intravaginal sponge insertion, and for a further 23 days after induced oestrus. The mean (},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Grace ND and Rounce JR and Lee J}
}
