@article {3672,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Greenhouse gas emissions from New Zealand sheep-and-beef farm systems},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07/2019},
	pages = {56-60},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Agriculture was the single largest contributor (48.1\%) to total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in New Zealand in 2017, and sheep and beef livestock systems contributed about 40\% of these emissions. A holistic assessment of the farm-scale drivers of GHG emissions is critical to identifying opportunities to reduce emissions. We used farm-scale models to estimate feed inventories, nutrient flows and GHG emissions for 60 sheep and beef farms. The range in annual GHG emissions (methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)) was 189 to 6,362 kg carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents per hectare, demonstrating the diversity in sheep and beef systems. As stocking rate and animal product (wool + net carcass weight) per hectare increased, GHG emissions increased, although some farms exhibited 50\% higher emissions than others with similar animal product per hectare. The variation in GHG emissions across these farms indicates there is potential to reduce on-farm GHG emissions and remain productive and profitable.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hutchinson KJ and Rennie GM and Vibart RE and Mercer GJK and O{\textquoteright}Neil K and Burtt AN and Chrystal JM and Devantier B and Smiley DR and Taylor AL and Thompson BR and Wall AJ and Dynes RA}
}
@conference {69501,
	title = {Marbling produced in yearling heifers of Angus origin finished over a medium-term period on a high energy pasture},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {183-188},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {This study provides baseline information on the level of marbling that can be produced from yearling heifers of Angus origin when finished over a medium-term, 169 day, period on a high energy pasture. Two groups of heifers were tested, which included 30 Angus x Jersey heifers and 26 straight-bred and cross-bred (mainly Hereford x and Friesian x) Angus heifers. The daily live weight gain of the heifers during finishing averaged 788 g/d and did not differ between the two groups of heifers studied (P >0.05). At slaughter, the carcass weights of the Angus x Jersey heifers were lighter than the group of straight-bred and cross-bred Angus heifers (P <0.05). Nevertheless, both groups produced average striploin marbling scores of 2 on the Japanese Meat Grading Association 12 point scale (P >0.05), with 39\% of the cattle achieving scores >=2. The high level of variability in marbling across both groups of heifers indicated that the average level of marbling achieved could be further improved by using some predictor of marbling performance to select animals to be finished in the pasture-based system. All of the heifers produced very tender beef with average shear force values <5 kg F.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Wall AJ and Rosenvold K and Archer JA and Dobbie P and Scott I and Stevens DR and Littlejohn RP}
}
