@conference {3672,
	title = {2015 NZSAP Living Legend Address {\textendash} Invermay Agricultural Centre},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {149},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = {Some of the best science is done by those who are excited by their research and by working with industry. Many breakthroughs come from people noticing, and following up on, unusual observations or anomalies. Often, their passions are funded {\textquotedblleft}from the back pocket{\textquotedblright} for several years; until sufficient information is secured to justify a formal funding application.

The Living Legend Lecture invites distinguished longterm members of NZSAP to make a scholarly presentation at the Society{\textquoteright}s annual conference in recognition of their contribution to New Zealand Animal Production over a substantial period of time. Heeding the Guidelines
recommendation to consider members resident in the area holding the conference, the 2015 organising committee chose to nominate the contributions of the scientists and technical staff of an iconic Institution, rather than acknowledge a single individual{\textquoteright}s work. No specific animal production {\textquotedblleft}theme{\textquotedblright} was selected. Instead, it was decided to highlight the contribution of the Invermay Agricultural Centre as a whole...},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Shackell GH and Drew KR and Fennessy PF and Allison AJ and McEwan JC and Crawford AM}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {The effect of grazing high-sugar ryegrass on lamb performance},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {235-238},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { A multi-year grazing study was undertaken on three commercial properties in the southern South Island to compare the performance
of lambs grazing high-sugar ryegrass/white clover (HSG) with lambs grazing a standard ryegrass/white clover pasture (SRG).
Cultivars were established in late spring 2012; approximately 400 lambs in each treatment group per property grazed the swards in
autumn 2013 and summer/autumn 2014 at a density of 30 to 35 lambs per hectare. Lambs were weighed regularly throughout the
season; those that reached the desired weight were sent for slaughter. Across both years and properties, lambs grazing the HSG
pasture grew 31 grams per day faster (17\%) on average than those grazing SRG (P<0.001). These lambs were an average of 0.4 kg
heavier in terms of carcase weight at slaughter (P<0.001) yielding 0.2 kg more meat per carcase based on VIAScan yield. These
results suggest that lambs grazing HSG outperform those grazing SRG.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Proctor LE and Craig HJB and McLean NJ and Fennessy PF and Kerslake JI and Behrent MJ and Chuah JCL and Campbell AW}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Effect of shearing on lamb growth and carcase performance},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {215-218},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { A study was undertaken on three properties throughout New Zealand to determine the impact of shearing on lamb performance
and whether this offered any economic benefit to farmers as a farm-management tool. A total of 1,183 lambs were randomly
allocated to one of four treatments, shorn fasted, bellied fasted, woolly fasted and woolly not fasted. Shorn fasted lambs grew
12 g/d faster than woolly fasted lambs (P<0.05), but at similar rates to bellied lambs and woolly not fasted lambs. There were no
differences among treatments for carcase weight, meat yield or proportion of lambs killed at slaughter. The difference observed in
average daily gain between the shorn fasted and the woolly fasted lambs, and the lack of difference observed between shorn fasted
and woolly not fasted lambs, indicated that while shearing improved lamb growth rates, the weight loss due to fasting overnight
was not overcome by the increased growth rate associated with shearing. While there was no economic benefit associated with
lamb carcase weight or time to slaughter, at a wool price of $5.40 per kg clean, shorn lambs were still of a greater value to farmers
compared to lambs from all other treatments.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McLean NJ and Craig HJB and Fennessy PF and Behrent MJ and Kerslake JI and Campbell AW}
}
@conference {69489,
	title = {An overview of the New Zealand Thoroughbred industry},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {137-139},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {The New Zealand thoroughbred industry is internationally-competitive in terms of performance; however, the current economic situation means that the foal crop is declining. Stakes have increased in recent years but increasing costs that are common to all primary industries are also a key issue for the breeding and racing industry.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fennessy PF}
}
@conference {40969,
	title = {Contract Summary},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {305},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {This  set  of  papers  illustrates  superbly  the  very  rapid developments  indissecting  the  underlying  genetics  behind the  phenotype  we  see.  The  progress  is  not  only  in  gene mapping  itself  but  in  the  development  of  the  powerful analytical  tools,  both  at  the  conceptual  (e.g.  FINDGENE) and  at  the  software  level. The  progress  in  developing  gene  maps  in  livestock  is built  on  the  back  of  the  Human  Genome  programme  with the  rapid  developments  in  laboratory  and  statistical  tech- niques.  The  general  conservation  of  genome  organisation across  widely  divergent  species  is  itself  a  huge  advantage in  constructing  new  maps.  In  this  respect,  the  deer  hybrids are  proving  a  remarkable  raource  and  may  well  prove  to be  an  ideal  ruminant  prototype  map  on  which  to  map  new markers. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fennessy PF}
}
@conference {40938,
	title = {Gestation length in Pere David{\textquoteright}s and red deer hybrids},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {225-227},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {P{\`e}re David{\textquoteleft}s deer (PD) have a 49 day longer gestation than red deer (283.4 {\textpm} 6.1 (SD) and 234.4 {\textpm} 3.4 days). In F1 hybrids (PD sire), male progeny had a longer gestation than females (268.8 {\textpm} 6.4, n=10 and 262.0 {\textpm} 4.5, n=10, P<0.01), both greater than the mid-parent mean of 259 days. The male and female progeny of F1 sires and red dams had a gestation length of 249 {\textpm} 5.5 (n=275). Segregation analysis suggests two normal distributions with a difference in means of 7 days. In the reverse hybrid (F1 dams), the gestation length of 242.5 {\textpm} 3.3 days (n=19) was significantly shorter than the backcross hybrid progeny of F1 stags. The control of gestation length in PD hybrids is clearly very complex although we have found evidence of two linked markers which individually account for 2.4 and 2.7 days of the difference in gestation length. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Goosen GJ and Fennessy PF and Pearse AJ and McEwan KM}
}
@conference {40910,
	title = {Plasma potassium - an indicator of protein catabolism in deer?},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {144-146},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Elevated plasma potassium (K+ ) concentrations well outside the normal range for deer have been reported during the rut. The effects of season and nutrition on plasma K+ concentration were examined in two experiments in farmed red and fallow deer. In Experiment 1 castrate and entire red stags were fed ad libitum on pasture and blood sampled fortnightly over 11 months. Except for a transitory peak at the beginning of Experiment 1, red entires and castrates showed no abnormal plasma K+ concentrations over the 11 month period. In Experiment 2, a castrate group of fallow bucks were fed to lose a similar amount of live weight as entires over the rut. When plasma K+ concentration was expressed as a function of changes in muscle weight there was a significant negative relationship (P<0.05) in the castrates. There was no relationship in the entires, although the measure of change in muscle weight could have been confounded by changes in water content of the musculature over the rut. The occurrence of hyperkalaemia in deer was variable. Further work is required to clarify the conditions that lead to its expression. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Jopson NB and Fennessy PF and Thompson JM}
}
@conference {40739,
	title = {Discovery of the Inverdale gene (FecX)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {289-290},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Selection for ovulation rate in a screened prolific flock  identified a prolific family of Romneys in 1984 that descended from one  ewe, and progeny tests for her male descendants carried out from 1985 to  1990 indicated the presence of a major gene (Inverdale) on the X-  chromosome. One copy of the gene increases ovulation rate by about 1.0  and litter size by about 0.6. However, research in 1991 found that ewes  with two copies of the gene have small non-functional {\textquoteright}streak{\textquoteright} ovaries  and are infertile. Many of these infertile ewes develop tumour-like  structures on their ovaries and these are currently the subject of  intensive research.    In 1993 a prolific Romney flock in Tokoroa, with no known connection  with A281, was also found to have the Inverdale gene. The place of the  Inverdale gene in industry will be to increase prolificacy in ewe flocks  mated to terminal sires, and a research programme has been established  to identify a genetic market for ram breeders.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis GH and McEwan JC and Fennessy PF and Dodds KG}
}
@conference {40740,
	title = {Elucidation of the genetic nature of the Inverdale gene (FecX): Segregation with a twist},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {291-293},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A major gene, affecting a quantitative trait in farmed livestock,  is usually detected by observing segregation of the gene within families  such as half-sib sire families. In the case of the Inverdale, a  maternal family was observed to contain some highly prolific ewes.  Progeny testing of four rams from this family revealed two rams with  prolific progeny, but segregation amongst these progeny was not  apparent. The data appeared to be consistent with the hypothesis of an  X-linked major gene, but were not conclusive. A further progeny test  involving six sons and five maternal grandsons of a putative Inverdale  ram was undertaken. Three of the maternal grandsons but no sons had  prolific daughters, confirming the X-linked hypothesis. Further major  gene searches should consider X-linked as well as other modes of  inheritance. The mode of inheritance, and effect of one and two copies  of the Inverdale gene, have important consequences for its use in  research and production.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Dodds KG and Davis GH and McEwan JC and Fennessy PF}
}
@conference {40692,
	title = {Feed requirements for maintenance of mature rams and ewes from lines selected for differences in body composition},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {133-136},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Brief communication: no abstract supplied},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Ball AJ and Thompson JM and Hinch GN and Fennessy PF and Blakely AR}
}
@conference {40743,
	title = {Industry use of the Inverdale gene (FecX)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {298-300},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The Inverdale gene (FecX) offers the sheep industry the potential  to markedly increase production at little cost. However, the  characteristics of the gene mean that appropriate breeding structures  are essential. The recommended structure is a stratified crossbreeding  system. The three tier breeding structure consists of: (1) a ram  breeder producing rams known to carry the Inverdale gene; (2) a ewe  breeder producing carrier ewes by mating carrier rams across dual  purpose breed ewes; and (3) a lamb producer who mates a meat breed ram  with carrier ewes to produce lambs for slaughter. Some farmers may  choose to have two, or all three tiers on a single property. If the  gene was used to maximum extent possible in Romney and Romney derived  breeds, some 40\% of all breeding ewes would contain a single copy of the  gene and these would produce 31\% more lambs for sale per ewe mated.  Conservative estimates of the benefits to the New Zealand farmer are  approximately $29m per annum.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McEwan JC and Davis GH and Fennessy PF and Dodds KG}
}
@conference {40747,
	title = {Inverdale as a model},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {310-311},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The Inverdale gene (FecX) is extraordinary. Located on the X-  chromosome, it increases ovulation rate in the heterozygous state, but  in the homozygote the ewe has undeveloped or "streak" gonads and is  sterile. The phenotype is almost certainly due to the action of the  gene in early embryonic/foetal development.    The Inverdale may be valuable model for investigation of similar  phenotypes in other species, especially the human female.  Identification of the gene itself will enable substantial progress in  understanding mechanisms of ovarian and follicle development. However,  even without knowledge of the specific gene function, there are the  areas where the phenotype itself may be of real value. Two such areas  are the "tumour-like" structures in the homozygote as a model for  ovarian tumours and the "steroid-free" environment of the homozygote as  a model for investigating the regulation of seasonality in sheep.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fennessy PF}
}
@conference {40749,
	title = {New sheep: a catalyst for change},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {315},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Since the completion of the latest GATT negotiations a lot of  reflection has been devoted to new opportunities that will be offered to  New Zealand{\textquoteright}s primary industries, but there is a more subtle issue that  is less frequently mentioned. The effects of competition will be felt  by every sector of every industry. In a country committed to freer  trade and in a world increasingly moving in the same direction, no  industry will be able to lay claim to more land, water, research  resources or investment than it can justify by way of return. For the  sheep industry, this means looking beyond mere survival, towards shaping  the future by making the best possible use of resources devoted to it.  Sheep farming must become more than just a default land use.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fennessy PF}
}
@conference {40753,
	title = {Sires for more valuable lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {324-326},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Specialist terminal sire breeds offer several advantages to the  commercial farmer, particularly their ability for rapid change in  relevant traits in response to market signals. The production, survival  and disease resistance benefits resulting from the hybrid vigour in the  crossbred progeny have also widely documented. Terminal sires breeds  also provide for efficient utilisation of between breed differences in  carcass quality and mature weight. However, terminal sires are  presently under utilised by the NZ sheep industry.    In future this situation is expected to change. Long term trends  suggest that carcasses will be paid for on the basis of weight of lean  meat. In addition, terminal sire breeders are increasingly using  performance recording systems allied with methods of estimating carcass  composition, both of which have markedly improved in recent years.  Terminal sire breeds are the logical method to distribute major genes  affecting growth and carcass quality. The identification,  characterisation and "packaging" of these genes will become increasingly  routine.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McEwan JC and Davis GH and Fennessy PF and Clarke JN}
}
@conference {40526,
	title = {Investigation into the possibility of a major gene for fleece weight in screened sires},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {355-358},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {This study investigated the effect of a progesterone containing intravaginal CIDR (Controlled Internal Drug Releasing) device on plasma progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations during 14-day device insertion and the subsequent oestrous cycle of fallow deer (Dama dama). Blood samples were collected from 4 entire does at 20 minute intervals for periods of 8-12h on three occasions following device insertion (i.e. insertion, mid-treatment and withdrawal) and on Days 0, 5, 12 and 19 of the subsequent oestrous cycle. Plasma was analysed for progesterone and LH concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Plasma progesterone values were elevated (>6 ng/ml) and LH values reduced (<1 ng/ml) during device insertion relative to pre-insertion values. Plasma LH concentrations were highest on Day 0 of the oestrous cycle, with a marked increase in the pulse amplitude.  One doe exhibited a pre-ovulatory LH surge. Plasma progesterone increased from <0.5 ng/ml on Day 0 to 1.5-4.2 ng/ml on Day 12 (luteal phase) and high amplitude progesterone pulses were exhibited by all does on Day 19 (onset of luteolysis). The study has demonstrated that CIDR devices deliver sufficient progesterone to inhibit ovulation and the declining plasma LH concentrations during device insertion support a hypothesis of negative feedback by progesterone on LH secretion.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Wuliji T and Dodds KG and Fennessy PF and Andrews RN and McEwan JC and Turner P and Wheeler R and Hawker H}
}
@conference {40409,
	title = {Advancing calving in red deer: The effects on growth and sexual development},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {187-190},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Thirty ewe lambs each of Merino, Romney, feral (of Merino  origin) and Wiltshire breeds were evaluated for dag score, flystrike and  nematode resistance. The lambs were born in August 1990 with the feral  lambs around one month younger. The lambs were transported to Flock  House and shorn and grazed together from the 21 January 1991 until 1  June 1991.   There was no difference in the geometric mean of faecal egg counts  between the different breeds (p=0.11). Lambs were fly struck from  February to May with 33\%, 10\%, 10\% of Merinos, Romneys and Wiltshires  being attached. No feral lambs were fly struck. Most flystrike was  caused by the Australian green blowfly (Lucila cuprina).   The Wiltshire breed had the lowest dag score while the feral sheep had a  dag score consistently lower than the Romney and Merino breeds  (p<0.001). The wet weight of dag clipped at the end of the experiment  was 4 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Meikle LM and Fennessy PF and Fisher MW and Patene HJ}
}
@conference {40415,
	title = {Comparison of growth, hogget fleece weight and reproductive traits of three sheep breeds from a flock selected for prolificacy and a Romney control flock},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {211-216},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The total glucose concentration of a medium changes with the  extent of serum supplementation, and this may have an effect on  embryonic development in vitro. In this study, 1- and 2-cell sheep  embryos (N+109) were cultured for approximately 120 hours at 39 C under  humidified 5\% CO2, 5\%)2 and 90\% N2 in Synthetic Oviduct Fluid medium  (SOF) supplemented with 20\% human serum and a total glucose concentration  of either 1.5 mM (modified-SOF) or 2.3 mM (unmodified-SOF). A slight  effect was observed on the proportion of embryos developing to at least  the expanded blastocyst stage (63\% and 48\% for modified-SOF and  unmodified-SOF, respectively, P<0.1). Twenty-eight blastocysts from  each treatment were selected and transferred to 28 synchronised, mature  ewes (2 blastocysts per ewe). Pregnancy and number of foetuses were  determined by ultrasonography 54 days after transfer. All ewes were  pregnant and survival of embryos was 82\% and 71\% for modified-SOF and  SOF, respectively. However, a high post-natal mortality rate was  observed (37\%), which was mostly attributed to a relatively high  birthweight of dead lambs (6.4 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McEwan JC and Davis GH and Dodds KG and Fennessy PF and Clarke JN and Bruce GD and Hishon MG}
}
@conference {40397,
	title = {Interspecies hybrids of deer - a ruminant resource for gene mapping and quantitative trait studies},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {137-142},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Seasonal variation in prolactin secretion has been associated  with changes in the pelage of a number of mammals. The aim of this  study was to ascertain whether the suppression of prolactin levels  commencing in late summer, affects wool growth in sheep with a seasonal  pattern of wool growth.   Twenty Romney ewes (n=10/group) received either 50mg bromocryptine  (Parlodel LA},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Tate ML and Manly HC and Emerson BC and Fennessy PF}
}
@conference {40336,
	title = {Artificial insemination and synchronised natural breeding in Red deer},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {327-332},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The cold resistance of cashmere wethers in which cashmere had  been harvested by shearing the while fleece, or by removal of down only  through repeated hand combings, was studied at two ambient temperatures  (10 C and 30 C) and two wind speeds (0 and 6 km/hr). Heat production  was calculated from oxygen consumption measured over 24 hours, in 8  pairs of goats fed at 1.25 times maintenance level. In shorn goats,  heat production increased by 50\% during exposure to 10 C (compared with  30 C) while the corresponding increase for combed goats was only 9\%.  The interaction between the effects of the low temperature and the  methods of fibre removal was significant (P<0.001). Similarly at 10 C,  exposure to a wind of 6km/hr caused a larger increase in heat production  in shorn goats than in combed goats; the interaction was significant  (P<0.05). The data show clearly that the combed goats were considerably  more resistant to cold conditions that the shorn goats.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fennessy PF and Mackintosh CG and Shackell GH and Whaanga AJ}
}
@conference {40241,
	title = {Animal production in the future - a New Zealand response},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {361-372},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {As a pre-requisite to examine the possibility of using   spermatozoa as a vector for the incorporation of foreign DNA into   livestock, the ability of sperm from sheep, fallow deer and cattle to   bind exogenous DNA was examined.     The DNA was obtained from the plasmid pMK1 linearised with EcORIXhoI and   end-labelled with 32P. Fresh sperm from all species bound DNA with   maximum binding occurring after 1hr of incubation. Frozen sperm bound   less DNA and formaldehyde treated sperm did not bind. Seminal plasma   inhibited binding as did heparin and also high divalent cation   concentrations. Capacitated ram sperm bound more than uncapacitated   (64\% vs 40\%) and uterine fluids from sheep two-days post-estrus did not   interfere with DNA binding to the capacitated ram sperm.     Increasing the concentration of washed capacitated ram sperm from 1 x 10   6/ml to 30 x 10 6/ml and with a DNA concentration of 0.25 mg/ml   decreased the number of molecules of DNA bound from 38,000 to 1,600.   There was wide variation among rams in the percentage of DNA bound after   1hr incubation, ranging from 15-80\% (n=7).     These results suggest that this procedure may be a possible method for   the incorporation of foreign DNA into livestock by intrauterine   insemination.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fennessy PF}
}
@conference {40247,
	title = {Comparison of growth and carcass traits of ram lambs of three breeds from a flock screened for prolificacy and a Romney control flock},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {397-402},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {This paper reviews the application of intraruminal chromium   controlled release capsules (CRC, Captec (NZ) Ltd, Auckland) to the   measurement of herbage intake in ruminants. The capsules are designed   to provide for the linear release of Cr2O3 over c. 25 days in sheep and   c. 20 days in cattle. Uniform release of Cr2O3 is achieved 2 to 3 days   after oral administration of the CRC but steady state levels of Cr2O3 in   the faeces are usually not achieved until day 7 or 8 in sheep and day 5   or 6 in cattle. Where cross-over or multiple feeding level experimental   designs are applied, time should be allowed for Cr2O3 to adjust to a new   steady state in the faeces before sampling for each new treatment. The   period of time required varies from 3 to more than 5 days depending on   the size of feed intake change. The continuous mode of marker release   in the rumen reduces diurnal variation of Cr2O3 in the faeces and this   allows rectal sampling regimens to be applied at different times of each   sampling day. Sward sampling of faeces reduced disturbance of animal   grazing to a minimal level since Cr2O3 is delivered by a single CRC   application. The effects of level of feed intake and feed type on the   rate of Cr2O3 release are usually small, but release rates may be up to   13\% lower in rumen-fistulated than in non-fistulated animals and may   differ for capsules of the same time applied to different ruminant   species. Reduced animal handling, flexible faecal sampling times and   lower labour requirements with CRC technology, compared to daily   drenching of Cr2O3, enable the number of experimental animals to be   increased. This improves the likelihood of detecting differences in   mean intake between groups. Intakes of individual animals will not be   reliably estimated with chromic oxide CRC until the digestibility of   herbage consumed by individual animals can be measured more accurately.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McEwan JC and Davis GH and Dodds KG and Fennessy PF and Clarke JN and Hishon M}
}
@conference {40131,
	title = {Biological efficiency for venison production in red deer},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {5-10},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {To study the influence of melatonin on seasonal changes in wool production of crossbred sheep, a pharmacological dose of sustained release melatonin was administered over a month in early summer to both fleeceweight-selected and control rams from the Massey university Progeny Test lines. Wool growth and testis diameter were compared with those of untreated animals during the period of melatonin treatment and for a further 2 month period. Melatonin treatment did not significantly change either greasy or clean fleeceweight production. However, the testis diameter of the melatonin- treated animals was significantly greater than in untreated animals during the period of melatonin treatment and significantly smaller during the recovery period. Hence, although the melatonin treatment was sufficient to produce a change in reproductive characteristics, it was not sufficient to induce a measurable change in the pattern of wool production.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fennessy PF and Thompson JM}
}
@conference {40149,
	title = {Induction of twin ovulations in red deer hinds with steroid-free bovine follicular fluid},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {103-106},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Because the enzyme catalase is involved in the peroxisomal pathway of fatty acid oxidation in the liver, it is possible that higher levels of catalase activity may be associated with higher levels of fatness. This was investigated in the high and low backfat Southdown sheep selection lines at Massey University. Liver biopsies were taken from 13 high backfat (HBD) and 14 low backfat (LBD) ewe hoggets with mean liveweight-adjusted ultrasonic backfat depths (LABF, expressed as percentage deviations) of +42\% and -20\% respectively. The HBD group had significantly higher (P<0.05) liver catalase activity (1944 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fisher MW and Fennessy PF and Henderson KM and Newman RE and Manley TR}
}
@conference {40102,
	title = {Effects of melatonin on seasonal physiology of red deer},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1988},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {113-116},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The effects of various storage/drying procedures of bovine colostrum on the absorption of bovine serum immunoglobulin (Ig) by neonatal kids was examined. Kids either suckled their dams at birth (control) or were fed warmed liquid bovine colostrum which had been either frozen/thawed, frozen/freeze dried or spray dried. After 4 d on treatment protein analysis showed Ig of bovine origin to be present in the serum of all kids fed bovine colostrum. Kid growth and health were good, and did not differ between treatments. Results suggest that the spray process will provide a dried product with the biological properties of unprocessed colostrum.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fisher MW and Fennessy PF and Milne JD}
}
@conference {40066,
	title = {Energy nutrition of young red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds and a comparison with young stags},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {47},
	year = {1987},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {111-113},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Salmon farming began in New Zealand in 1976 with the introduction of ocean ranching. With this method of aquaculture, juvenile salmon are reared in freshwater and then released to the sea where they grow and subsequently return as adults at 2, 3 or 4 years of age to the freshwater release point. Two other methods of culture are also being practised, sea cage rearing and freshwater pond culture. With these 2 methods the salmon are reared to market size while fed an artificial diet. The increased rearing costs of these 2 methods of culture is offset by the higher survival of juvenile salmon to market size compared with ocean ranching. With ocean ranging 1-2\% survival is considered the minimum necessary for a successful operation while returns of over 3\% have been received at some hatcheries. Salmon production has increased from about 200 t in 1984-85 season (October to March) to 712 t in 1986-87. Exports in 1986-87 were approximately 353 t valued at $NZ4 million.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Suttie JM and Fennessy PF and Veenvliet BA and Littlejohn RP and Fisher MW and Corson ID and Labes RE}
}
@conference {40017,
	title = {Early induction of ovulation in yearling red deer hinds},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {171-174},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fisher MW and Fennessy PF and Suttie JM and Corson ID and Pearse AJT and Davis GH and Johnstone PD}
}
@conference {39990,
	title = {Observations on the effect of litter size, pregnancy nutrition and fat genotype on ewe and foetal parameters},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {41-44},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Growth rates, carcass composition and management problems of "short scrotum" rams (made by elevating the testes to a position against the abdominal wall using rubber rings), wethers and entire male lambs were compared on a hill country property in northern Hawkes Bay. Of 3 groups of 65 Perendale lambs selected randomly at docking at about 4 weeks of age, 1 group was left entire, 1 was made short scrotum and the other was castrated. The lambs were weaned at about 10 weeks of age, separated from the main flock at about 14 weeks of age and thereafter kept as 1 flock until slaughter at 9 months of age. They were weighted every 6 weeks from 14 weeks of age. After the removal of 6 lambs from each group for detailed investigation at Massey University, the top 50 lambs from each group were slaughtered and their carcass characteristics recorded. Short scrotum rams showed management advantages over normal ram lambs. They were easier to handle, and avoided the works hygiene problem of dirty genitalia. Short scrotum rams had an overall live-weight advantage of 3kg over wether lambs. This was found not to be due to fat deposition, as short scrotum rams showed a significantly lower GR of 3.3mm, compared with normal rams (4.6mm) and wethers (6.2mm), as predicted by regression for lambs of 32kg live weight. There was no significant difference in carcass weight or dressing percentage between lambs of this live weight, although more normal rams and short scrotum rams fell into heavier grades than did the wether lambs. In detailed investigations on 6 lambs from each group, no differences were found in muscle:bone ratio or fat distribution between the groups. Short scrotum rams had very low fertility; 50 of 56 had no epididymal sperm reserves and 6 had extremely low sperm production. Most sperm from short scrotum rams were abnormal. Short scrotum rams had significantly lighter testes and epididymides than normal rams. Short scrotum rams had plasma LH levels intermediate to normal rams and wethers. Differences between entire and short scrotum rams in testosterone levels varied inconsistently},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Owens JL and Kyle B and Fennessy PF}
}
@conference {39928,
	title = {Selection for productive traits on back fat depth in ewe lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {249-252},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McEwan JC and Fennessy PF and Clarke JN and Hickey SM and Knowler MA}
}
@conference {39908,
	title = {Voluntary intake, testes development and antler growth patterns of male red deer under a manipulated photoperiod},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {167-170},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Two experiments studied the effects of herbage allowance in the latter half of pregnancy on the performance of 18-month beef heifers. In Experiment 1, 54 heifers were offered daily allowances of 4.5 (H) or 3.3 (M1) kg DM/100 kg live weight (LW), and in Experiment 2, 64 heifers were offered 3.1 (M2) or 1.9 (L) kg DM/100 kg LW. Average daily gain to post-calving weight (net ADG) for the H and M1 heifers in Experiment 1 was 0.46 and 0.34 kg/d (P<0.001). The post- partum anoestrous interval (PPAI) was short in both groups (H+ 42.7 and M1 = 49.2 days; P<0.10). H calves were 1.8 kg heavier at birth and 7.6 kg heavier at weaning than M1 calves (P<0.05). In Experiment 2, M2 and L heifer net ADG was 0.23 and -0.03 kg/d respectively (P<0.001). The PPAI was 28.4 d shorter for M2 than L heifers (P<0.001). Birth and weaning weights of M2 calves were heavier by 1.8 kg (P<0.07) and 14.0 kg (P<0.05) respectively than those of L calves. Results suggest that a herbage allowance of around 3 kg DM/100 kg LW over the latter half of gestation may be adequate for satisfactory performance of yearling-mated heifers.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Suttie JM and Corson ID and Fennessy PF}
}
@conference {39808,
	title = {Animal Research - time for a new approach},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1983},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1-6},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {In each of 2 years Coopworth ewes were randomised to 8 groups which were offered 2 levels of herbage allowance (1.0 and 5.0 kg DM/ewe/d) from mixed pasture for varying periods during the 6 weeks prior to a synchronised mating. The ovulation rates of ewes fed at the lower allowance and then given the higher allowance for periods of 1 or 2 weeks prior to mating were not different from those fed continuously at the lower allowance. Ewes offered 3 weeks at the higher allowance showed a 25\% increase in ovulation rate irrespective of when in the 6 week period this was received. Thus a minimum carry over period of 3 weeks was obtained. A further 30\% increase in ovulation rate was obtained when ewes were offered the higher allowance for the full 6 week period. The proportion in ovulation rate was obtained when ewes were offered the higher allowance for the full 6 week period. The proportion of ewes lambing multiples was lower for those receiving <3 weeks high level feeding than for those receiving at least 3 weeks (33.5\% v 56.0\%; P<0.001), but there was no additional response to feeding at the high level for 6 weeks.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fennessy PF}
}
@conference {39791,
	title = {Progeny test of selected lean and fat rams},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1982},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {137-140},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Separate trials were conducted to investigate the effects of a synthetic progestagen - medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) - on red deer stags at 2 different stages of the antler growth cycle. MPA treatment of 2 stags from the time of harvest of {\textquoteright}A-grade{\textquoteright} velvet stimulated the growth of additional sets of antlers in each case. This treatment also reduced blood testosterone levels and prevented the seasonal increase in testicular size. Alternatively, MPA treatment applied to 6 stages during their hard antler phase (winter) caused premature casting of the antler buttons in all animals. These findings indicate a possible role of MPA or similar compounds for the artificial manipulation of antler growth under farming conditions.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fennessy PF and Greer GJ and Bass JJ}
}
@conference {39730,
	title = {Energy requirements of red deer},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {41},
	year = {1981},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {167-173},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fennessy PF and Moore GH and Corson ID}
}
@conference {39678,
	title = {Voluntary intake and digestion in red deer and sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1980},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {158-162},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fennessy PF and Greer GJ and Forss DA}
}
@conference {39600,
	title = {The growth and carcass characteristics of entire and castrate red stags},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1978},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {142-144},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Drew KR and Fennessy PF and Greer GJ}
}
@conference {39610,
	title = {Possible exploitation of body composition-nutrition interrelationships for early weaning of calves},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1978},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {196-201},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Donnelly PE and Fennessy PF}
}
@conference {39356,
	title = {The Effect of Formaldehyde Treatment on the Chemical Composition, Apparent Digestibility and Voluntary Intake of Silage by Sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {32},
	year = {1972},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {48-49},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Barry TN and Fennessy PF and Duncan SJ}
}
@conference {39336,
	title = {Nutrition of the Young Growing Lamb: Studies at Lincoln College},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1971},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {121-128},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Jagusch KT and Mitchell RM and McConnell GR and Fennessy PF and Woodlock MR and Jay NPW}
}
