@conference {42019,
	title = {Effects of dietary herb supplements on sheepmeat flavour},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {413-419},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Wanaka},
	abstract = {Sheepmeat flavour is characterised by distinctive species derived odours and flavour notes derived from the diet termed as {\textquoteleft}pastoral{\textquoteright} for pasture-based farming systems. An exploratory investigation was undertaken to determine if the flavour attributesof sheepmeat could be altered by short-term dosing of sheep with fresh or concentrated herbs. Twelve animals were dosed with 9 different fresh and/or concentrated herbs over 3 days. The animals were slaughtered, sub-sampled, and chemical analyses of levels of flavour compounds in the subcutaneous fat were performed along with sensory evaluation of the meat samples by a trained panel. From the sensory evaluation of the meat samples, the two animals that received the garlic powder supplement were described by the panellists as {\textquoteleft}garlic{\textquoteright},and these samples were significantly less intense in {\textquoteleft}sheepmeat{\textquoteright} (P=0.001) and {\textquoteleft}sweet{\textquoteright} (P=0.007) flavours and also had increased {\textquoteleft}barnyard{\textquoteright} (P=0.011) and {\textquoteleft}foreign{\textquoteright} (P<0.001) flavours. Subcutaneous fat skatole and indole levels for these animals were found to be significantly higher (P<0.001) compared to those grazingryegrass. Other treatments were not significantly different in sensory evaluation. A garlic powder dose response trial was then carried out with 5 sheep receiving between 0 and 200 g/day of powder for two days. After slaughter, subcutaneous fat skatole levels were found to be elevated for animals receiving >50 g/day garlic powder. The results indicate that dosing sheep with garlic powder has a detrimental effect on the animal{\textquoteright}s ability to detoxify and remove skatole from the circulatory system, with consequent detrimental effects on the overall sensory quality of the meat. Thus a herbal dietary supplement to either mask undesirable flavours of sheep meat, or impart desirable flavours, is yet to be discovered.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fraser K and Lane GA and Kirk MR and Keogh RG and Cummings TL}
}
@conference {41505,
	title = {Formation and excretion of phenol flavour compounds in sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {203-207},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {Rumen, plasma and urinary concentration of the undesirable phenol flavour compound 4-methylphenol was measured in two rumen-fistulated Romney wethers fed perennial ryegrass. Following a one week adaptation period, samples were collected at ca. 1 hr intervals after feeding on two sampling days one week apart. Maximal concentration of 4-methylphenol in the rumen, blood and urine was reached at ca. 2, 3, and 4.5 hr respectively, declining to a minimal concentration by 9 hr (15\% of maximum), 11 hr (16\%), and 18 hr (<1\%) respectively. Thus phenol compounds formed in the rumen are cleared rapidly and efficiently by excretion into the urine. In a separate trial the absorption and excretion of the exogenous phenol, thymol, was measured. Four groups of 4 lambs grazed on pasture were dosed daily with either a control or 3 different levels of thyme slurry for two weeks. After one week of dosing spot urine samples were collected on two consecutive days. Upon completion of the two week dosing period the animals were slaughtered and subcutaneous fat samples collected. The concentration of thymol (conjugates) in the urine was highly correlated with the thyme dosage (r=0.848, P<0.001), but there was no significant correlation between dose level and the concentration of (free) thymol in the fat. These results suggest that the concentration of phenol flavour compounds in ruminant products is affected by the efficiency of conjugation and excretion as much as by their formation in the rumen. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fraser K and Lane GA and Schreurs NM and Tavendale MH and Keogh RG and Kirk MR and McNabb WC}
}
@conference {41134,
	title = {Performance of dairy cows grazing pastures with or without ergovaline and lolitrem B in Northland.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {254-257},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Ergovaline and lolitrem B are alkaloids produced by Neotyphodium endophytes in ryegrass. These toxins are associated with
poor animal performance in many situations but influences on milk production by dairy cows had not been determined in NZ
except for short-term trials. An on-farm trial was set-up at Te Hana to measure milk production responses in 2 groups of 16 cows which were maintained on a) ryegrass-based pastures which contained wild-type endophytes which produced ergovaline and lolitrem B [+Ev] or on b) ryegrass pastures that were either free of endophyte or contained a novel endophyte which did not produce ergovaline or lolitrem B [-Ev]. The trial ran from October 1997 til mid-April 1998 and milk production was recorded for each cow at each milking for 10 consecutive days per month culminating in a herd test. There was no difference in milk production in October and November, but a difference of 25\% developed in December in favour of the -Ev group and substantial differences in production were maintained until the trial was terminated. Effects of ergovaline on cow performance are discussed in relation to environmental and behavioural factors.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Keogh RG and Blackwell M and Shepherd P}
}
@conference {40923,
	title = {Free and conjugated levels of zearalenone in ewes mated on grass dominant pasture or chicory.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {190},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Zearalenone is an oestrogenic mycotoxin commonly found in New Zealand pastures (di Menna, and et al., 1987). Ingestion of zearalenone by sheep causes reductions in reproductive performance (Smith, and et al.,1990). It is likely that high zearalenone concentrations in pasture around mating will often be sufficient to affect reproductive per-formance of the ewe. Chicory pastures contain very low zearalenone concentrations and therefore have potential as a feed for ewes prior to and during mating. The aim of this trial was to determine the levels of free and conjugated zearalenone in the blood and urine of ewes grazed on either grass-dominant pasture or chicory prior to and during the mating period, and assess any subsequent effects on reproductive performance.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kramer R and Keogh RG and Sprosen JM and McDonald MF}
}
@conference {40862,
	title = {The accumulation and clearance of equol in the blood of ewes grazed on either high or low formononetin red clovers},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {373-377},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Formononetin is the major red clover phytoestrogen responsible for  reproductive dysfunction in sheep. Formononetin is metabolised in the  rumen to equol which is significantly more oestrogenic. This study was  conducted to characterise the accumulation of conjugated and free equol in  the blood of ewes grazed on either high formononetin (cv Pawera, 0.57\% of  dry matter) or low formononetin (cv G27, 0.25\% of dry matter) red clovers  over a 1, 2 or 3 week period and the subsequent clearance of equol after  removal from the red clover. Seventy mixed age ewes were divided into 7 treatment groups (n=10). Each  group grazed either Pawera or G27 red clover for 3, 2 or 1 week or ryegrass  (control group) prior to mating as one flock on ryegrass pasture. All ewes  were regularly blood sampled. Once mated, the ewes were laparoscoped and  returns to service recorded. Conjugated equol concentrations in both Pawera and G27 ewes increased  over the first 2 days to 23.97 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kramer R and Keogh RG and McDonald MF}
}
@conference {40606,
	title = {Reproductive performance of ewes after grazing on G27 red clover, a low formononetin selection in cultivar Pawera.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {231-234},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {One hundred and fifty ewes grazed either on a high oestrogenic red clover  
(Pawera), or a new, low oestrogenic selection of red clover (G27), or control  
pastures before mating.  The treatment groups (n = 25) and grazing lengths  
prior to mating were (1) Pawera, 6 weeks; (2) G27, 6 weeks; (3) G27, 12  
weeks; (4) G27/Ryegrass-white clover (rg-wc), 6 weeks/6weeks; (5) Rg-wc  
(control 1), 6 weeks, and (6) White clover (control 2), 6 weeks.  The ewes were  
mated as one group on rg-wc pasture immediately after the grazing treatments.   
Formononetin concentration was significantly lower in G27 (0.26\%) than in  
Pawera red clover (0.55\%) (P<0.05).  Ovulation rates in ewes after the first  
service were similar for all treatment groups (P<0.05).  The incidence of return  
to service was significantly higher in Pawera ewes (72.7\%) than in any of the  
other groups (P<0.01).  The return rates for the other groups were 33.3\%  
(G27/6weeks), 25.0\% (G27/12 weeks), 4.8\% (G27/rg-wc), 9.5\% (rg-wc) and  
14.3\% (white clover).  Most ewes which were mated at the next two cycles  
became pregnant.  It is concluded that the fertility in the ewes grazing G27 red  
clover was better than that in ewes grazing Pawera red clover, however there  
may have been some impairment in contrast to animals grazing control pasture. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McDonald MF and Anwar M and Keogh RG}
}
@conference {40607,
	title = {Residual effect of a four weeks grazing of oestrogenic red clover on reproductive performance of ewes in the following six weeks.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {235-238},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The trial was conducted to study if the temporary infertility in ewes  
induced by oestrogenic clover, would recover accompanied by a concomitant  
increase in ovulation rate and/or litter size following their removal to a  
{\textquoteright}safe{\textquoteright} pasture.  Romney ewes (N - 155) either grazed on Pawera red clover or  
Ryegrass-white clover (control) pasture for four weeks.  Afterwards all ewes  
grazed ryegrass-white clover pasture and were mated in 3 groups either at the  
first, third or sixth week post-treatment.  Mean ovulation rate was significantly  
lower (P<0.05) in the Pawera ewes (1.22 {\textpm} 0.06) than in the controls (1.49 {\textpm}  
0.07) on respective treatments after two weeks of grazing.  Ovulation rates in  
ewes after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd mating cycle were 1.60 {\textpm} 0.12, 1.41 {\textpm} 0.10, 1.27  
{\textpm} 0.09 (red clover), and 1.64 {\textpm} 0.10, 1.67 {\textpm} 0.12, 1.30 {\textpm} 0.90 (control)  
respectively.  Ovulation rate and litter size were similar for the two treatment  
groups after joining in week 1, 3 or 6 post-treatment (P>0.05).  No increase in  
ovulation rate/litter size in Pawera group ewes was observed over and above  
those observed in the control ewes within the six week post-treatment period. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Anwar M and Keogh RG and McDonald MF}
}
@conference {40513,
	title = {Oestrus, ovarian activity and embryo survival in ewes grazing high and low oestrogenic red clover},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {303-305},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Seasonal wool growth pattern, colour variation and associated wool characteristics were measured in a fleece weight selected (HFW) and its control (RC) flocks. Both flocks had a significant (p<0.01) decline in wool growth rate in winter compared with summer. The HFW advantage over RC averaged 19\% and 33\% for ewes, 24\% and 36\% for hoggets, in summer and winter respectively. Yield and fibre diameter patterns were closely associated with wool growth. There were no flock differences in either brightness or yellowness, however both Y and Z tritimulus values were lower in spring and summer while yellowness was higher in summer than other seasons. The results suggest that selection for HFW reduces the relative winter wool growth decline compared with RC.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Anwar M and Keogh RG and McDonald MF}
}
@conference {39921,
	title = {Fatness of lambs grazed on {\textquoteright}Grasslands Maku{\textquoteright} lotus and {\textquoteright}Grasslands Huia{\textquoteright} white clover},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {219-222},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Crossbred lambs involving specialist meat breed (Expt. A) or long-woolled breeds (Expt. B) were slaughtered at ages ranging from 12 to 30 weeks. Carcasses were classified retrospectively into current export grades according to their weight and fat measurement GR. In both experiments measurement GR was related to carcass weight (r=0.57 to 0.83) and increased, on average, by just over 1 mm per kg carcass weight increase. Proportions of carcasses grading {\textquoteright}trimmer{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteright}overfat{\textquoteright} increased at carcass weights above 15 kg or at slaughter ages greater than 18 weeks. In Expt. A, 4\% of carcasses graded {\textquoteright}overfat{\textquoteright} at the 12 week slaughter age and 81\% at 30 weeks. There was little difference in the grade distribution of carcasses among sire breeds in Expt. A (Southdown, Suffolk and Dorset Down) but in Expt. B lambs reared by Corriedale ewes showed higher proportions of {\textquoteright}trimmer{\textquoteright} (25\%) and {\textquoteright}overfat{\textquoteright} (18\%) carcasses compared with those reared by Romneys (10\% and 2\% respectively). It is suggested that the higher carcass fat of lambs from Corriedale ewes is due partly to greater milk consumption compared with those suckled by Romneys.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Purchas RW and Keogh RG}
}
@conference {39914,
	title = {Grazing behaviour of sheep and ryegrass staggers},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {189-192},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Two experiments investigated relationships between biochemical measurements and carcass fat in lambs. In the first, artificially reared Dorset lambs, weaned at 5 (early) or 13 (late) weeks were slaughtered at 5, 9 and 13 weeks for carcass fat determination. In the second experiment, 330 Coopworth male lambs (entire and castrate), were weaned at 9 weeks of age and slaughtered at 21 weeks. At 9 and 13 weeks of age early weaned lambs which had lower carcass weights had significantly lower glucose and insulin levels, and less internal and carcass fat than milk fed lambs. In the second experiment a similar carcass weights entire lambs were leaner than castrates and had lower blood glucose. In contrast to results in the first experiment, lambs grown to slaughter under a uniform dietary regime in the second showed a negative correlation between insulin and fat measurements. It is suggested that insulin is an important regulator of fat deposition in the milk fed lamb but its exact role in the ruminant lamb remains unclear.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Keogh RG}
}
@conference {39772,
	title = {Early feeding experience and subsequent acceptance of feed by sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1982},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {73-76},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The effects of an extra {\textquoteright}flush{\textquoteright} of pasture around mating v recommended pasture allowance levels for beef cows after calving through mating were compared in 1979 and 1980 on cows which had been fed to maintain live weight from 8 weeks prior to and up to calving. Cow live weight after calving was positively associated with increasing feed levels although the differences were small to non-significant by weaning. There were no reproductive responses to feeding better than the allowance of 10 kg DM/cow/d from calving to mating and 16 kg DM/cow/d thereafter to weaning. Cows fed 16 kg Dm/cow/d had a higher pregnancy rate (100 v 90\%) than those fed 12 kg DM from calving to mating regardless of flushing treatment in 1979.; More reliable reductions in interval to first oestrus can probably be achieved by delaying calving date. Treatment had no effect on calf weight at weaning.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Keogh RG and Lynch JJ}
}
@conference {39581,
	title = {Development and control of ryegrass staggers in sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1978},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {47-52},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Keogh RG}
}
@conference {39582,
	title = {Ryegrass staggers: A role for fungal tremorgens},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1978},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {53-57},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid CSW and Keogh RG and Latch GCM and Gallagher RT}
}
@conference {39491,
	title = {Grazing behaviour of sheep during summer and autumn in relation to facial eczema},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {35},
	year = {1975},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {198-203},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Keogh RG}
}
@conference {39198,
	title = {Some aspects of the behaviour of grazing sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1966},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {22-35},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Lancashire JA and Keogh RG}
}
